PX4-Autopilot/src/lib/mixer/mixer_multirotor.cpp

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/**
 * @file mixer_multirotor.cpp
 *
 * Multi-rotor mixers.
 */

#include "mixer.h"

#include <float.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>

#include <mathlib/mathlib.h>

#ifdef MIXER_MULTIROTOR_USE_MOCK_GEOMETRY
enum class MultirotorGeometry : MultirotorGeometryUnderlyingType {
	QUAD_X,
	MAX_GEOMETRY
};
namespace
{
const MultirotorMixer::Rotor _config_quad_x[] = {
	{ -0.707107,  0.707107,  1.000000,  1.000000 },
	{  0.707107, -0.707107,  1.000000,  1.000000 },
	{  0.707107,  0.707107, -1.000000,  1.000000 },
	{ -0.707107, -0.707107, -1.000000,  1.000000 },
};
const MultirotorMixer::Rotor *_config_index[] = {
	&_config_quad_x[0]
};
const unsigned _config_rotor_count[] = {4};
const char *_config_key[] = {"4x"};
}

#else

// This file is generated by the px_generate_mixers.py script which is invoked during the build process
// #include "mixer_multirotor.generated.h"
#include "mixer_multirotor_normalized.generated.h"

#endif /* MIXER_MULTIROTOR_USE_MOCK_GEOMETRY */


#define debug(fmt, args...)	do { } while(0)
//#define debug(fmt, args...)	do { printf("[mixer] " fmt "\n", ##args); } while(0)
//#include <debug.h>
//#define debug(fmt, args...)	syslog(fmt "\n", ##args)

MultirotorMixer::MultirotorMixer(ControlCallback control_cb,
				 uintptr_t cb_handle,
				 MultirotorGeometry geometry,
				 float roll_scale,
				 float pitch_scale,
				 float yaw_scale,
				 float idle_speed) :
	Mixer(control_cb, cb_handle),
	_roll_scale(roll_scale),
	_pitch_scale(pitch_scale),
	_yaw_scale(yaw_scale),
	_idle_speed(-1.0f + idle_speed * 2.0f),	/* shift to output range here to avoid runtime calculation */
	_delta_out_max(0.0f),
	_thrust_factor(0.0f),
	_airmode(Airmode::disabled),
	_rotor_count(_config_rotor_count[(MultirotorGeometryUnderlyingType)geometry]),
	_rotors(_config_index[(MultirotorGeometryUnderlyingType)geometry]),
	_outputs_prev(new float[_rotor_count]),
	_tmp_array(new float[_rotor_count])
{
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; ++i) {
		_outputs_prev[i] = _idle_speed;
	}
}
MultirotorMixer::MultirotorMixer(ControlCallback control_cb,
				 uintptr_t cb_handle,
				 Rotor *rotors,
				 unsigned rotor_count) :
	Mixer(control_cb, cb_handle),
	_roll_scale(1.f),
	_pitch_scale(1.f),
	_yaw_scale(1.f),
	_idle_speed(0.f),
	_delta_out_max(0.0f),
	_thrust_factor(0.0f),
	_airmode(Airmode::disabled),
	_rotor_count(rotor_count),
	_rotors(rotors),
	_outputs_prev(new float[_rotor_count]),
	_tmp_array(new float[_rotor_count])
{
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; ++i) {
		_outputs_prev[i] = _idle_speed;
	}
}

MultirotorMixer::~MultirotorMixer()
{
	delete[] _outputs_prev;
	delete[] _tmp_array;
}

MultirotorMixer *
MultirotorMixer::from_text(Mixer::ControlCallback control_cb, uintptr_t cb_handle, const char *buf, unsigned &buflen)
{
	MultirotorGeometry geometry = MultirotorGeometry::MAX_GEOMETRY;
	char geomname[8];
	int s[4];
	int used;

	/* enforce that the mixer ends with a new line */
	if (!string_well_formed(buf, buflen)) {
		return nullptr;
	}

	if (sscanf(buf, "R: %7s %d %d %d %d%n", geomname, &s[0], &s[1], &s[2], &s[3], &used) != 5) {
		debug("multirotor parse failed on '%s'", buf);
		return nullptr;
	}

	if (used > (int)buflen) {
		debug("OVERFLOW: multirotor spec used %d of %u", used, buflen);
		return nullptr;
	}

	buf = skipline(buf, buflen);

	if (buf == nullptr) {
		debug("no line ending, line is incomplete");
		return nullptr;
	}

	debug("remaining in buf: %d, first char: %c", buflen, buf[0]);

	for (MultirotorGeometryUnderlyingType i = 0; i < (MultirotorGeometryUnderlyingType)MultirotorGeometry::MAX_GEOMETRY;
	     i++) {
		if (!strcmp(geomname, _config_key[i])) {
			geometry = (MultirotorGeometry)i;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (geometry == MultirotorGeometry::MAX_GEOMETRY) {
		debug("unrecognised geometry '%s'", geomname);
		return nullptr;
	}

	debug("adding multirotor mixer '%s'", geomname);

	return new MultirotorMixer(
		       control_cb,
		       cb_handle,
		       geometry,
		       s[0] / 10000.0f,
		       s[1] / 10000.0f,
		       s[2] / 10000.0f,
		       s[3] / 10000.0f);
}

float MultirotorMixer::compute_desaturation_gain(const float *desaturation_vector, const float *outputs,
		saturation_status &sat_status, float min_output, float max_output) const
{
	float k_min = 0.f;
	float k_max = 0.f;

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		// Avoid division by zero. If desaturation_vector[i] is zero, there's nothing we can do to unsaturate anyway
		if (fabsf(desaturation_vector[i]) < FLT_EPSILON) {
			continue;
		}

		if (outputs[i] < min_output) {
			float k = (min_output - outputs[i]) / desaturation_vector[i];

			if (k < k_min) { k_min = k; }

			if (k > k_max) { k_max = k; }

			sat_status.flags.motor_neg = true;
		}

		if (outputs[i] > max_output) {
			float k = (max_output - outputs[i]) / desaturation_vector[i];

			if (k < k_min) { k_min = k; }

			if (k > k_max) { k_max = k; }

			sat_status.flags.motor_pos = true;
		}
	}

	// Reduce the saturation as much as possible
	return k_min + k_max;
}

void MultirotorMixer::minimize_saturation(const float *desaturation_vector, float *outputs,
		saturation_status &sat_status,
		float min_output, float max_output, bool reduce_only) const
{
	float k1 = compute_desaturation_gain(desaturation_vector, outputs, sat_status, min_output, max_output);

	if (reduce_only && k1 > 0.f) {
		return;
	}

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		outputs[i] += k1 * desaturation_vector[i];
	}

	// Compute the desaturation gain again based on the updated outputs.
	// In most cases it will be zero. It won't be if max(outputs) - min(outputs) > max_output - min_output.
	// In that case adding 0.5 of the gain will equilibrate saturations.
	float k2 = 0.5f * compute_desaturation_gain(desaturation_vector, outputs, sat_status, min_output, max_output);

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		outputs[i] += k2 * desaturation_vector[i];
	}
}

void MultirotorMixer::mix_airmode_rp(float roll, float pitch, float yaw, float thrust, float *outputs)
{
	// Airmode for roll and pitch, but not yaw

	// Mix without yaw
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		outputs[i] = roll * _rotors[i].roll_scale +
			     pitch * _rotors[i].pitch_scale +
			     thrust * _rotors[i].thrust_scale;

		// Thrust will be used to unsaturate if needed
		_tmp_array[i] = _rotors[i].thrust_scale;
	}

	minimize_saturation(_tmp_array, outputs, _saturation_status);

	// Mix yaw independently
	mix_yaw(yaw, outputs);
}

void MultirotorMixer::mix_airmode_rpy(float roll, float pitch, float yaw, float thrust, float *outputs)
{
	// Airmode for roll, pitch and yaw

	// Do full mixing
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		outputs[i] = roll * _rotors[i].roll_scale +
			     pitch * _rotors[i].pitch_scale +
			     yaw * _rotors[i].yaw_scale +
			     thrust * _rotors[i].thrust_scale;

		// Thrust will be used to unsaturate if needed
		_tmp_array[i] = _rotors[i].thrust_scale;
	}

	minimize_saturation(_tmp_array, outputs, _saturation_status);
}

void MultirotorMixer::mix_airmode_disabled(float roll, float pitch, float yaw, float thrust, float *outputs)
{
	// Airmode disabled: never allow to increase the thrust to unsaturate a motor

	// Mix without yaw
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		outputs[i] = roll * _rotors[i].roll_scale +
			     pitch * _rotors[i].pitch_scale +
			     thrust * _rotors[i].thrust_scale;

		// Thrust will be used to unsaturate if needed
		_tmp_array[i] = _rotors[i].thrust_scale;
	}

	// only reduce thrust
	minimize_saturation(_tmp_array, outputs, _saturation_status, 0.f, 1.f, true);

	// Reduce roll/pitch acceleration if needed to unsaturate
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		_tmp_array[i] = _rotors[i].roll_scale;
	}

	minimize_saturation(_tmp_array, outputs, _saturation_status);

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		_tmp_array[i] = _rotors[i].pitch_scale;
	}

	minimize_saturation(_tmp_array, outputs, _saturation_status);

	// Mix yaw independently
	mix_yaw(yaw, outputs);
}

void MultirotorMixer::mix_yaw(float yaw, float *outputs)
{
	// Add yaw to outputs
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		outputs[i] += yaw * _rotors[i].yaw_scale;

		// Yaw will be used to unsaturate if needed
		_tmp_array[i] = _rotors[i].yaw_scale;
	}

	// Change yaw acceleration to unsaturate the outputs if needed (do not change roll/pitch),
	// and allow some yaw response at maximum thrust
	minimize_saturation(_tmp_array, outputs, _saturation_status, 0.f, 1.15f);

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		_tmp_array[i] = _rotors[i].thrust_scale;
	}

	// reduce thrust only
	minimize_saturation(_tmp_array, outputs, _saturation_status, 0.f, 1.f, true);
}

unsigned
MultirotorMixer::mix(float *outputs, unsigned space)
{
	float roll    = math::constrain(get_control(0, 0) * _roll_scale, -1.0f, 1.0f);
	float pitch   = math::constrain(get_control(0, 1) * _pitch_scale, -1.0f, 1.0f);
	float yaw     = math::constrain(get_control(0, 2) * _yaw_scale, -1.0f, 1.0f);
	float thrust  = math::constrain(get_control(0, 3), 0.0f, 1.0f);

	// clean out class variable used to capture saturation
	_saturation_status.value = 0;

	// Do the mixing using the strategy given by the current Airmode configuration
	switch (_airmode) {
	case Airmode::roll_pitch:
		mix_airmode_rp(roll, pitch, yaw, thrust, outputs);
		break;

	case Airmode::roll_pitch_yaw:
		mix_airmode_rpy(roll, pitch, yaw, thrust, outputs);
		break;

	case Airmode::disabled:
	default: // just in case: default to disabled
		mix_airmode_disabled(roll, pitch, yaw, thrust, outputs);
		break;
	}

	// Apply thrust model and scale outputs to range [idle_speed, 1].
	// At this point the outputs are expected to be in [0, 1], but they can be outside, for example
	// if a roll command exceeds the motor band limit.
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		// Implement simple model for static relationship between applied motor pwm and motor thrust
		// model: thrust = (1 - _thrust_factor) * PWM + _thrust_factor * PWM^2
		if (_thrust_factor > 0.0f) {
			outputs[i] = -(1.0f - _thrust_factor) / (2.0f * _thrust_factor) + sqrtf((1.0f - _thrust_factor) *
					(1.0f - _thrust_factor) / (4.0f * _thrust_factor * _thrust_factor) + (outputs[i] < 0.0f ? 0.0f : outputs[i] /
							_thrust_factor));
		}

		outputs[i] = math::constrain(_idle_speed + (outputs[i] * (1.0f - _idle_speed)), _idle_speed, 1.0f);
	}

	// Slew rate limiting and saturation checking
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < _rotor_count; i++) {
		bool clipping_high = false;
		bool clipping_low_roll_pitch = false;
		bool clipping_low_yaw = false;

		// Check for saturation against static limits.
		// We only check for low clipping if airmode is disabled (or yaw
		// clipping if airmode==roll/pitch), since in all other cases thrust will
		// be reduced or boosted and we can keep the integrators enabled, which
		// leads to better tracking performance.
		if (outputs[i] < _idle_speed + 0.01f) {
			if (_airmode == Airmode::disabled) {
				clipping_low_roll_pitch = true;
				clipping_low_yaw = true;

			} else if (_airmode == Airmode::roll_pitch) {
				clipping_low_yaw = true;
			}
		}

		// check for saturation against slew rate limits
		if (_delta_out_max > 0.0f) {
			float delta_out = outputs[i] - _outputs_prev[i];

			if (delta_out > _delta_out_max) {
				outputs[i] = _outputs_prev[i] + _delta_out_max;
				clipping_high = true;

			} else if (delta_out < -_delta_out_max) {
				outputs[i] = _outputs_prev[i] - _delta_out_max;
				clipping_low_roll_pitch = true;
				clipping_low_yaw = true;

			}
		}

		_outputs_prev[i] = outputs[i];

		// update the saturation status report
		update_saturation_status(i, clipping_high, clipping_low_roll_pitch, clipping_low_yaw);
	}

	// this will force the caller of the mixer to always supply new slew rate values, otherwise no slew rate limiting will happen
	_delta_out_max = 0.0f;

	return _rotor_count;
}

/*
 * This function update the control saturation status report using the following inputs:
 *
 * index: 0 based index identifying the motor that is saturating
 * clipping_high: true if the motor demand is being limited in the positive direction
 * clipping_low_roll_pitch: true if the motor demand is being limited in the negative direction (roll/pitch)
 * clipping_low_yaw: true if the motor demand is being limited in the negative direction (yaw)
*/
void
MultirotorMixer::update_saturation_status(unsigned index, bool clipping_high, bool clipping_low_roll_pitch,
		bool clipping_low_yaw)
{
	// The motor is saturated at the upper limit
	// check which control axes and which directions are contributing
	if (clipping_high) {
		if (_rotors[index].roll_scale > 0.0f) {
			// A positive change in roll will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.roll_pos = true;

		} else if (_rotors[index].roll_scale < 0.0f) {
			// A negative change in roll will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.roll_neg = true;
		}

		// check if the pitch input is saturating
		if (_rotors[index].pitch_scale > 0.0f) {
			// A positive change in pitch will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.pitch_pos = true;

		} else if (_rotors[index].pitch_scale < 0.0f) {
			// A negative change in pitch will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.pitch_neg = true;
		}

		// check if the yaw input is saturating
		if (_rotors[index].yaw_scale > 0.0f) {
			// A positive change in yaw will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.yaw_pos = true;

		} else if (_rotors[index].yaw_scale < 0.0f) {
			// A negative change in yaw will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.yaw_neg = true;
		}

		// A positive change in thrust will increase saturation
		_saturation_status.flags.thrust_pos = true;

	}

	// The motor is saturated at the lower limit
	// check which control axes and which directions are contributing
	if (clipping_low_roll_pitch) {
		// check if the roll input is saturating
		if (_rotors[index].roll_scale > 0.0f) {
			// A negative change in roll will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.roll_neg = true;

		} else if (_rotors[index].roll_scale < 0.0f) {
			// A positive change in roll will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.roll_pos = true;
		}

		// check if the pitch input is saturating
		if (_rotors[index].pitch_scale > 0.0f) {
			// A negative change in pitch will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.pitch_neg = true;

		} else if (_rotors[index].pitch_scale < 0.0f) {
			// A positive change in pitch will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.pitch_pos = true;
		}

		// A negative change in thrust will increase saturation
		_saturation_status.flags.thrust_neg = true;
	}

	if (clipping_low_yaw) {
		// check if the yaw input is saturating
		if (_rotors[index].yaw_scale > 0.0f) {
			// A negative change in yaw will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.yaw_neg = true;

		} else if (_rotors[index].yaw_scale < 0.0f) {
			// A positive change in yaw will increase saturation
			_saturation_status.flags.yaw_pos = true;
		}
	}

	_saturation_status.flags.valid = true;
}

void
MultirotorMixer::set_airmode(Airmode airmode)
{
	_airmode = airmode;
}

void
MultirotorMixer::groups_required(uint32_t &groups)
{
	/* XXX for now, hardcoded to indexes 0-3 in control group zero */
	groups |= (1 << 0);
}

uint16_t MultirotorMixer::get_saturation_status()
{
	return _saturation_status.value;
}