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/****************************************************************************
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*
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* Copyright (c) 2019 PX4 Development Team. All rights reserved.
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*
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* are met:
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*
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* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
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* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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* distribution.
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* 3. Neither the name PX4 nor the names of its contributors may be
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* used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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* without specific prior written permission.
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*
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
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* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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* COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
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* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
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* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
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* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
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* ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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*
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****************************************************************************/
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/**
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* @file AirspeedValidator.cpp
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* Estimates airspeed scale error (from indicated to equivalent airspeed), performes
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* checks on airspeed measurement input and reports airspeed valid or invalid.
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*/
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#include "AirspeedValidator.hpp"
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void
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AirspeedValidator::update_airspeed_validator(const airspeed_validator_update_data &input_data)
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{
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// get indicated airspeed from input data (raw airspeed)
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_IAS = input_data.airspeed_indicated_raw;
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// to be able to detect missing data, save timestamp (used in data_missing check)
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if (input_data.airspeed_timestamp != _previous_airspeed_timestamp && input_data.airspeed_timestamp > 0) {
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_time_last_airspeed = input_data.timestamp;
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_previous_airspeed_timestamp = input_data.airspeed_timestamp;
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}
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update_EAS_scale();
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update_EAS_TAS(input_data.air_pressure_pa, input_data.air_temperature_celsius);
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update_wind_estimator(input_data.timestamp, input_data.airspeed_true_raw, input_data.lpos_valid, input_data.lpos_vx,
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input_data.lpos_vy,
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input_data.lpos_vz, input_data.lpos_evh, input_data.lpos_evv, input_data.att_q);
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update_in_fixed_wing_flight(input_data.in_fixed_wing_flight);
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check_airspeed_innovation(input_data.timestamp, input_data.vel_test_ratio, input_data.mag_test_ratio);
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check_load_factor(input_data.accel_z);
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update_airspeed_valid_status(input_data.timestamp);
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}
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void
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AirspeedValidator::update_wind_estimator(const uint64_t time_now_usec, float airspeed_true_raw, bool lpos_valid,
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float lpos_vx, float lpos_vy,
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float lpos_vz, float lpos_evh, float lpos_evv, const float att_q[4])
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{
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bool att_valid = true; // att_valid could also be a input_data state
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_wind_estimator.update(time_now_usec);
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if (lpos_valid && att_valid && _in_fixed_wing_flight) {
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Vector3f vI(lpos_vx, lpos_vy, lpos_vz);
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Quatf q(att_q);
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// sideslip fusion
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_wind_estimator.fuse_beta(time_now_usec, vI, q);
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// airspeed fusion (with raw TAS)
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const Vector3f vel_var{Dcmf(q) *Vector3f{lpos_evh, lpos_evh, lpos_evv}};
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_wind_estimator.fuse_airspeed(time_now_usec, airspeed_true_raw, vI, Vector2f{vel_var(0), vel_var(1)});
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}
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}
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// this function returns the current states of the wind estimator to be published in the airspeed module
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wind_estimate_s
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AirspeedValidator::get_wind_estimator_states(uint64_t timestamp)
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{
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wind_estimate_s wind_est = {};
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wind_est.timestamp = timestamp;
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float wind[2];
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_wind_estimator.get_wind(wind);
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wind_est.windspeed_north = wind[0];
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wind_est.windspeed_east = wind[1];
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float wind_cov[2];
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_wind_estimator.get_wind_var(wind_cov);
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wind_est.variance_north = wind_cov[0];
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wind_est.variance_east = wind_cov[1];
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wind_est.tas_innov = _wind_estimator.get_tas_innov();
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wind_est.tas_innov_var = _wind_estimator.get_tas_innov_var();
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wind_est.beta_innov = _wind_estimator.get_beta_innov();
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wind_est.beta_innov_var = _wind_estimator.get_beta_innov_var();
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wind_est.tas_scale = _wind_estimator.get_tas_scale();
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return wind_est;
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}
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void
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AirspeedValidator::update_EAS_scale()
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{
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_EAS_scale = 1.0f / math::constrain(_wind_estimator.get_tas_scale(), 0.75f, 1.25f);
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}
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void
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AirspeedValidator::update_EAS_TAS(float air_pressure_pa, float air_temperature_celsius)
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{
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_EAS = calc_EAS_from_IAS(_IAS, _EAS_scale);
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_TAS = calc_TAS_from_EAS(_EAS, air_pressure_pa, air_temperature_celsius);
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}
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void
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AirspeedValidator::check_airspeed_innovation(uint64_t time_now, float estimator_status_vel_test_ratio,
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float estimator_status_mag_test_ratio)
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{
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// Check normalised innovation levels with requirement for continuous data and use of hysteresis
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// to prevent false triggering.
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if (_wind_estimator.get_wind_estimator_reset()) {
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_time_wind_estimator_initialized = time_now;
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}
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/* Reset states if we are not flying */
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if (!_in_fixed_wing_flight) {
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// not in a flight condition that enables use of this check, thus pass check
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_innovations_check_failed = false;
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_time_last_tas_pass = time_now;
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_time_last_tas_fail = 0;
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_airspeed_valid = true;
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_time_last_aspd_innov_check = time_now;
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} else {
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float dt_s = math::max((time_now - _time_last_aspd_innov_check) / 1e6f, 0.01f); // limit to 100Hz
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if (dt_s < 1.0f) {
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// Compute the ratio of innovation to gate size
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float tas_test_ratio = _wind_estimator.get_tas_innov() * _wind_estimator.get_tas_innov()
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/ (fmaxf(_tas_gate, 1.0f) * fmaxf(_tas_gate, 1.0f) * _wind_estimator.get_tas_innov_var());
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if (tas_test_ratio <= _tas_innov_threshold) {
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// record pass and reset integrator used to trigger
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_time_last_tas_pass = time_now;
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_apsd_innov_integ_state = 0.0f;
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} else {
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// integrate exceedance
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_apsd_innov_integ_state += dt_s * (tas_test_ratio - _tas_innov_threshold);
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}
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if ((estimator_status_vel_test_ratio < 1.0f) && (estimator_status_mag_test_ratio < 1.0f)) {
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// nav velocity data is likely good so airspeed innovations are able to be used
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if ((_tas_innov_integ_threshold > 0.0f) && (_apsd_innov_integ_state > _tas_innov_integ_threshold)) {
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_time_last_tas_fail = time_now;
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}
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}
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if (!_innovations_check_failed) {
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_innovations_check_failed = (time_now - _time_last_tas_pass) > TAS_INNOV_FAIL_DELAY;
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} else {
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_innovations_check_failed = ((time_now - _time_last_tas_fail) < TAS_INNOV_FAIL_DELAY * 100)
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|| (time_now - _time_wind_estimator_initialized) < TAS_INNOV_FAIL_DELAY * 100;
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}
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}
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_time_last_aspd_innov_check = time_now;
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}
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}
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void
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AirspeedValidator::check_load_factor(float accel_z)
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{
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// Check if the airpeed reading is lower than physically possible given the load factor
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bool bad_number_fail = false; // disable this for now
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if (_in_fixed_wing_flight) {
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if (!bad_number_fail) {
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float max_lift_ratio = fmaxf(_EAS, 0.7f) / fmaxf(_airspeed_stall, 1.0f);
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max_lift_ratio *= max_lift_ratio;
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_load_factor_ratio = 0.95f * _load_factor_ratio + 0.05f * (fabsf(accel_z) / 9.81f) / max_lift_ratio;
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_load_factor_ratio = math::constrain(_load_factor_ratio, 0.25f, 2.0f);
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_load_factor_check_failed = (_load_factor_ratio > 1.1f);
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} else {
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_load_factor_check_failed = true; // bad number fail
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}
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} else {
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_load_factor_ratio = 0.5f; // reset if not in fixed-wing flight (and not in takeoff condition)
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}
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}
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void
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AirspeedValidator::update_airspeed_valid_status(const uint64_t timestamp)
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{
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bool bad_number_fail = false; // disable this for now
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// Check if sensor data is missing - assume a minimum 5Hz data rate.
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const bool data_missing = (timestamp - _time_last_airspeed) > 200_ms;
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// Declare data stopped if not received for longer than 1 second
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_data_stopped_failed = (timestamp - _time_last_airspeed) > 1_s;
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if (_innovations_check_failed || _load_factor_check_failed || data_missing || bad_number_fail) {
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// either innovation, load factor or data missing check failed, so declare airspeed failing and record timestamp
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_time_checks_failed = timestamp;
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_airspeed_failing = true;
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} else if (!_innovations_check_failed && !_load_factor_check_failed && !data_missing && !bad_number_fail) {
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// All checks must pass to declare airspeed good
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_time_checks_passed = timestamp;
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_airspeed_failing = false;
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}
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if (_airspeed_valid) {
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// A simultaneous load factor and innovaton check fail makes it more likely that a large
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// airspeed measurement fault has developed, so a fault should be declared immediately
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const bool both_checks_failed = (_innovations_check_failed && _load_factor_check_failed);
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// Because the innovation, load factor and data missing checks are subject to short duration false positives
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// a timeout period is applied.
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const bool single_check_fail_timeout = (timestamp - _time_checks_passed) > _checks_fail_delay * 1_s;
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if (_data_stopped_failed || both_checks_failed || single_check_fail_timeout || bad_number_fail) {
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_airspeed_valid = false;
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}
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} else if ((timestamp - _time_checks_failed) > _checks_clear_delay * 1_s) {
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_airspeed_valid = true;
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}
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}
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