Files
PX4-Autopilot/EKF/ekf_helper.cpp
T
bresch 81c6d6655f ekf: clean uncorrelateQuatStates function
As the name can be ambiguous, it gets renamed
"uncorrelateQuatFromOtherStates".
Also replace the loops storing the values and reapplying them by simply
zeroing two slices (this also saves 130B of flash).
2020-02-13 14:33:32 +01:00

1822 lines
62 KiB
C++

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/**
* @file ekf_helper.cpp
* Definition of ekf helper functions.
*
* @author Roman Bast <bapstroman@gmail.com>
*
*/
#include "ekf.h"
#include <ecl.h>
#include <mathlib/mathlib.h>
#include <cstdlib>
// Reset the velocity states. If we have a recent and valid
// gps measurement then use for velocity initialisation
bool Ekf::resetVelocity()
{
// used to calculate the velocity change due to the reset
Vector3f vel_before_reset = _state.vel;
// reset EKF states
if (_control_status.flags.gps && _gps_check_fail_status.value==0) {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("reset velocity to GPS");
// this reset is only called if we have new gps data at the fusion time horizon
_state.vel = _gps_sample_delayed.vel;
// use GPS accuracy to reset variances
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<3>(4, sq(_gps_sample_delayed.sacc));
} else if (_control_status.flags.opt_flow) {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("reset velocity to flow");
// constrain height above ground to be above minimum possible
float heightAboveGndEst = fmaxf((_terrain_vpos - _state.pos(2)), _params.rng_gnd_clearance);
// calculate absolute distance from focal point to centre of frame assuming a flat earth
float range = heightAboveGndEst / _R_rng_to_earth_2_2;
if ((range - _params.rng_gnd_clearance) > 0.3f && _flow_sample_delayed.dt > 0.05f) {
// we should have reliable OF measurements so
// calculate X and Y body relative velocities from OF measurements
Vector3f vel_optflow_body;
vel_optflow_body(0) = - range * _flow_compensated_XY_rad(1) / _flow_sample_delayed.dt;
vel_optflow_body(1) = range * _flow_compensated_XY_rad(0) / _flow_sample_delayed.dt;
vel_optflow_body(2) = 0.0f;
// rotate from body to earth frame
Vector3f vel_optflow_earth;
vel_optflow_earth = _R_to_earth * vel_optflow_body;
// take x and Y components
_state.vel(0) = vel_optflow_earth(0);
_state.vel(1) = vel_optflow_earth(1);
} else {
_state.vel(0) = 0.0f;
_state.vel(1) = 0.0f;
}
// reset the horizontal velocity variance using the optical flow noise variance
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<2>(4, sq(range) * calcOptFlowMeasVar());
} else if (_control_status.flags.ev_vel) {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("reset velocity to ev velocity");
Vector3f _ev_vel = _ev_sample_delayed.vel;
if(_params.fusion_mode & MASK_ROTATE_EV){
_ev_vel = _R_ev_to_ekf *_ev_sample_delayed.vel;
}
_state.vel = _ev_vel;
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<3>(4, _ev_sample_delayed.velVar);
} else {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("reset velocity to zero");
// Used when falling back to non-aiding mode of operation
_state.vel(0) = 0.0f;
_state.vel(1) = 0.0f;
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<2>(4, 25.0f);
}
// calculate the change in velocity and apply to the output predictor state history
const Vector3f velocity_change = _state.vel - vel_before_reset;
for (uint8_t index = 0; index < _output_buffer.get_length(); index++) {
_output_buffer[index].vel += velocity_change;
}
// apply the change in velocity to our newest velocity estimate
// which was already taken out from the output buffer
_output_new.vel += velocity_change;
// capture the reset event
_state_reset_status.velNE_change(0) = velocity_change(0);
_state_reset_status.velNE_change(1) = velocity_change(1);
_state_reset_status.velD_change = velocity_change(2);
_state_reset_status.velNE_counter++;
_state_reset_status.velD_counter++;
return true;
}
// Reset position states. If we have a recent and valid
// gps measurement then use for position initialisation
bool Ekf::resetPosition()
{
// ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("Reset Position");
// used to calculate the position change due to the reset
Vector2f posNE_before_reset;
posNE_before_reset(0) = _state.pos(0);
posNE_before_reset(1) = _state.pos(1);
// let the next odometry update know that the previous value of states cannot be used to calculate the change in position
_hpos_prev_available = false;
if (_control_status.flags.gps) {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("reset position to GPS");
// this reset is only called if we have new gps data at the fusion time horizon
_state.pos(0) = _gps_sample_delayed.pos(0);
_state.pos(1) = _gps_sample_delayed.pos(1);
// use GPS accuracy to reset variances
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<2>(7, sq(_gps_sample_delayed.hacc));
} else if (_control_status.flags.ev_pos) {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("reset position to ev position");
// this reset is only called if we have new ev data at the fusion time horizon
Vector3f _ev_pos = _ev_sample_delayed.pos;
if(_params.fusion_mode & MASK_ROTATE_EV){
_ev_pos = _R_ev_to_ekf *_ev_sample_delayed.pos;
}
_state.pos(0) = _ev_pos(0);
_state.pos(1) = _ev_pos(1);
// use EV accuracy to reset variances
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<2>(7, _ev_sample_delayed.posVar.slice<2, 1>(0, 0));
} else if (_control_status.flags.opt_flow) {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("reset position to last known position");
if (!_control_status.flags.in_air) {
// we are likely starting OF for the first time so reset the horizontal position
_state.pos(0) = 0.0f;
_state.pos(1) = 0.0f;
} else {
// set to the last known position
_state.pos(0) = _last_known_posNE(0);
_state.pos(1) = _last_known_posNE(1);
}
// estimate is relative to initial position in this mode, so we start with zero error.
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<2>(7, 0.0f);
} else {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("reset position to last known position");
// Used when falling back to non-aiding mode of operation
_state.pos(0) = _last_known_posNE(0);
_state.pos(1) = _last_known_posNE(1);
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<2>(7, sq(_params.pos_noaid_noise));
}
// calculate the change in position and apply to the output predictor state history
const Vector2f posNE_change{_state.pos(0) - posNE_before_reset(0), _state.pos(1) - posNE_before_reset(1)};
for (uint8_t index = 0; index < _output_buffer.get_length(); index++) {
_output_buffer[index].pos(0) += posNE_change(0);
_output_buffer[index].pos(1) += posNE_change(1);
}
// apply the change in position to our newest position estimate
// which was already taken out from the output buffer
_output_new.pos(0) += posNE_change(0);
_output_new.pos(1) += posNE_change(1);
// capture the reset event
_state_reset_status.posNE_change = posNE_change;
_state_reset_status.posNE_counter++;
return true;
}
// Reset height state using the last height measurement
void Ekf::resetHeight()
{
// Get the most recent GPS data
const gpsSample &gps_newest = _gps_buffer.get_newest();
// store the current vertical position and velocity for reference so we can calculate and publish the reset amount
float old_vert_pos = _state.pos(2);
bool vert_pos_reset = false;
float old_vert_vel = _state.vel(2);
bool vert_vel_reset = false;
// reset the vertical position
if (_control_status.flags.rng_hgt) {
float new_pos_down = _hgt_sensor_offset - _range_sample_delayed.rng * _R_rng_to_earth_2_2;
// update the state and associated variance
_state.pos(2) = new_pos_down;
// the state variance is the same as the observation
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<1>(9, sq(_params.range_noise));
vert_pos_reset = true;
// reset the baro offset which is subtracted from the baro reading if we need to use it as a backup
const baroSample &baro_newest = _baro_buffer.get_newest();
_baro_hgt_offset = baro_newest.hgt + _state.pos(2);
} else if (_control_status.flags.baro_hgt) {
// initialize vertical position with newest baro measurement
const baroSample &baro_newest = _baro_buffer.get_newest();
if (isRecent(baro_newest.time_us, 2 * BARO_MAX_INTERVAL)) {
_state.pos(2) = _hgt_sensor_offset - baro_newest.hgt + _baro_hgt_offset;
// the state variance is the same as the observation
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<1>(9, sq(_params.baro_noise));
vert_pos_reset = true;
} else {
// TODO: reset to last known baro based estimate
}
} else if (_control_status.flags.gps_hgt) {
// initialize vertical position and velocity with newest gps measurement
if (isRecent(gps_newest.time_us, 2 * GPS_MAX_INTERVAL)) {
_state.pos(2) = _hgt_sensor_offset - gps_newest.hgt + _gps_alt_ref;
// the state variance is the same as the observation
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<1>(9, sq(gps_newest.hacc));
vert_pos_reset = true;
// reset the baro offset which is subtracted from the baro reading if we need to use it as a backup
const baroSample &baro_newest = _baro_buffer.get_newest();
_baro_hgt_offset = baro_newest.hgt + _state.pos(2);
} else {
// TODO: reset to last known gps based estimate
}
} else if (_control_status.flags.ev_hgt) {
// initialize vertical position with newest measurement
const extVisionSample &ev_newest = _ext_vision_buffer.get_newest();
// use the most recent data if it's time offset from the fusion time horizon is smaller
int32_t dt_newest = ev_newest.time_us - _imu_sample_delayed.time_us;
int32_t dt_delayed = _ev_sample_delayed.time_us - _imu_sample_delayed.time_us;
vert_pos_reset = true;
if (std::abs(dt_newest) < std::abs(dt_delayed)) {
_state.pos(2) = ev_newest.pos(2);
} else {
_state.pos(2) = _ev_sample_delayed.pos(2);
}
}
// reset the vertical velocity state
if (_control_status.flags.gps && isRecent(gps_newest.time_us, 2 * GPS_MAX_INTERVAL)) {
// If we are using GPS, then use it to reset the vertical velocity
_state.vel(2) = gps_newest.vel(2);
// the state variance is the same as the observation
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<1>(6, sq(1.5f * gps_newest.sacc));
} else {
// we don't know what the vertical velocity is, so set it to zero
_state.vel(2) = 0.0f;
// Set the variance to a value large enough to allow the state to converge quickly
// that does not destabilise the filter
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<1>(6, 10.0f);
}
vert_vel_reset = true;
// store the reset amount and time to be published
if (vert_pos_reset) {
_state_reset_status.posD_change = _state.pos(2) - old_vert_pos;
_state_reset_status.posD_counter++;
}
if (vert_vel_reset) {
_state_reset_status.velD_change = _state.vel(2) - old_vert_vel;
_state_reset_status.velD_counter++;
}
// apply the change in height / height rate to our newest height / height rate estimate
// which have already been taken out from the output buffer
if (vert_pos_reset) {
_output_new.pos(2) += _state_reset_status.posD_change;
}
if (vert_vel_reset) {
_output_new.vel(2) += _state_reset_status.velD_change;
}
// add the reset amount to the output observer buffered data
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < _output_buffer.get_length(); i++) {
if (vert_pos_reset) {
_output_buffer[i].pos(2) += _state_reset_status.posD_change;
_output_vert_buffer[i].vel_d_integ += _state_reset_status.posD_change;
}
if (vert_vel_reset) {
_output_buffer[i].vel(2) += _state_reset_status.velD_change;
_output_vert_buffer[i].vel_d += _state_reset_status.velD_change;
}
}
// add the reset amount to the output observer vertical position state
if (vert_pos_reset) {
_output_vert_delayed.vel_d_integ = _state.pos(2);
_output_vert_new.vel_d_integ = _state.pos(2);
}
if (vert_vel_reset) {
_output_vert_delayed.vel_d = _state.vel(2);
_output_vert_new.vel_d = _state.vel(2);
}
}
// align output filter states to match EKF states at the fusion time horizon
void Ekf::alignOutputFilter()
{
// calculate the quaternion rotation delta from the EKF to output observer states at the EKF fusion time horizon
Quatf q_delta = _state.quat_nominal * _output_sample_delayed.quat_nominal.inversed();
q_delta.normalize();
// calculate the velocity and position deltas between the output and EKF at the EKF fusion time horizon
const Vector3f vel_delta = _state.vel - _output_sample_delayed.vel;
const Vector3f pos_delta = _state.pos - _output_sample_delayed.pos;
// loop through the output filter state history and add the deltas
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < _output_buffer.get_length(); i++) {
_output_buffer[i].quat_nominal = q_delta * _output_buffer[i].quat_nominal;
_output_buffer[i].quat_nominal.normalize();
_output_buffer[i].vel += vel_delta;
_output_buffer[i].pos += pos_delta;
}
_output_new.quat_nominal = q_delta * _output_new.quat_nominal;
_output_new.quat_nominal.normalize();
_output_sample_delayed.quat_nominal = q_delta * _output_sample_delayed.quat_nominal;
_output_sample_delayed.quat_nominal.normalize();
}
// Do a forced re-alignment of the yaw angle to align with the horizontal velocity vector from the GPS.
// It is used to align the yaw angle after launch or takeoff for fixed wing vehicle only.
bool Ekf::realignYawGPS()
{
const float gpsSpeed = sqrtf(sq(_gps_sample_delayed.vel(0)) + sq(_gps_sample_delayed.vel(1)));
// Need at least 5 m/s of GPS horizontal speed and
// ratio of velocity error to velocity < 0.15 for a reliable alignment
if ((gpsSpeed > 5.0f) && (_gps_sample_delayed.sacc < (0.15f * gpsSpeed))) {
// check for excessive horizontal GPS velocity innovations
const bool badVelInnov = (_gps_vel_test_ratio(0) > 1.0f) && _control_status.flags.gps;
// calculate GPS course over ground angle
const float gpsCOG = atan2f(_gps_sample_delayed.vel(1), _gps_sample_delayed.vel(0));
// calculate course yaw angle
const float ekfCOG = atan2f(_state.vel(1), _state.vel(0));
// Check the EKF and GPS course over ground for consistency
const float courseYawError = gpsCOG - ekfCOG;
// If the angles disagree and horizontal GPS velocity innovations are large or no previous yaw alignment, we declare the magnetic yaw as bad
const bool badYawErr = fabsf(courseYawError) > 0.5f;
const bool badMagYaw = (badYawErr && badVelInnov);
if (badMagYaw) {
_num_bad_flight_yaw_events ++;
}
// correct yaw angle using GPS ground course if compass yaw bad or yaw is previously not aligned
if (badMagYaw || !_control_status.flags.yaw_align) {
ECL_WARN_TIMESTAMPED("bad yaw corrected using GPS course");
// declare the magnetometer as failed if a bad yaw has occurred more than once
if (_control_status.flags.mag_aligned_in_flight && (_num_bad_flight_yaw_events >= 2) && !_control_status.flags.mag_fault) {
ECL_WARN_TIMESTAMPED("stopping magnetometer use");
_control_status.flags.mag_fault = true;
}
// save a copy of the quaternion state for later use in calculating the amount of reset change
const Quatf quat_before_reset = _state.quat_nominal;
// update transformation matrix from body to world frame using the current state estimate
_R_to_earth = Dcmf(_state.quat_nominal);
// get quaternion from existing filter states and calculate roll, pitch and yaw angles
Eulerf euler321(_state.quat_nominal);
// apply yaw correction
if (!_control_status.flags.mag_aligned_in_flight) {
// This is our first flight alignment so we can assume that the recent change in velocity has occurred due to a
// forward direction takeoff or launch and therefore the inertial and GPS ground course discrepancy is due to yaw error
euler321(2) += courseYawError;
_control_status.flags.mag_aligned_in_flight = true;
} else if (_control_status.flags.wind) {
// we have previously aligned yaw in-flight and have wind estimates so set the yaw such that the vehicle nose is
// aligned with the wind relative GPS velocity vector
euler321(2) = atan2f((_gps_sample_delayed.vel(1) - _state.wind_vel(1)),
(_gps_sample_delayed.vel(0) - _state.wind_vel(0)));
} else {
// we don't have wind estimates, so align yaw to the GPS velocity vector
euler321(2) = atan2f(_gps_sample_delayed.vel(1), _gps_sample_delayed.vel(0));
}
// calculate new filter quaternion states using corrected yaw angle
_state.quat_nominal = Quatf(euler321);
_R_to_earth = Dcmf(_state.quat_nominal);
uncorrelateQuatFromOtherStates();
// If heading was bad, then we also need to reset the velocity and position states
_velpos_reset_request = badMagYaw;
// Use the last magnetometer measurements to reset the field states
_state.mag_B.zero();
_state.mag_I = _R_to_earth * _mag_sample_delayed.mag;
// use the combined EKF and GPS speed variance to calculate a rough estimate of the yaw error after alignment
float SpdErrorVariance = sq(_gps_sample_delayed.sacc) + P(4,4) + P(5,5);
float sineYawError = math::constrain(sqrtf(SpdErrorVariance) / gpsSpeed, 0.0f, 1.0f);
// adjust the quaternion covariances estimated yaw error
increaseQuatYawErrVariance(sq(asinf(sineYawError)));
// reset the corresponding rows and columns in the covariance matrix and set the variances on the magnetic field states to the measurement variance
clearMagCov();
if (_control_status.flags.mag_3D) {
for (uint8_t index = 16; index <= 21; index ++) {
P(index,index) = sq(_params.mag_noise);
}
// save covariance data for re-use when auto-switching between heading and 3-axis fusion
saveMagCovData();
}
// record the start time for the magnetic field alignment
_flt_mag_align_start_time = _imu_sample_delayed.time_us;
// calculate the amount that the quaternion has changed by
_state_reset_status.quat_change = _state.quat_nominal * quat_before_reset.inversed();
// add the reset amount to the output observer buffered data
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < _output_buffer.get_length(); i++) {
_output_buffer[i].quat_nominal = _state_reset_status.quat_change * _output_buffer[i].quat_nominal;
}
// apply the change in attitude quaternion to our newest quaternion estimate
// which was already taken out from the output buffer
_output_new.quat_nominal = _state_reset_status.quat_change * _output_new.quat_nominal;
// capture the reset event
_state_reset_status.quat_counter++;
return true;
} else {
// align mag states only
// calculate initial earth magnetic field states
_state.mag_I = _R_to_earth * _mag_sample_delayed.mag;
// reset the corresponding rows and columns in the covariance matrix and set the variances on the magnetic field states to the measurement variance
clearMagCov();
if (_control_status.flags.mag_3D) {
for (uint8_t index = 16; index <= 21; index ++) {
P(index,index) = sq(_params.mag_noise);
}
// save covariance data for re-use when auto-switching between heading and 3-axis fusion
saveMagCovData();
}
// record the start time for the magnetic field alignment
_flt_mag_align_start_time = _imu_sample_delayed.time_us;
return true;
}
} else {
// attempt a normal alignment using the magnetometer
return resetMagHeading(_mag_lpf.getState());
}
}
// Reset heading and magnetic field states
bool Ekf::resetMagHeading(const Vector3f &mag_init, bool increase_yaw_var, bool update_buffer)
{
// prevent a reset being performed more than once on the same frame
if (_imu_sample_delayed.time_us == _flt_mag_align_start_time) {
return true;
}
if (_params.mag_fusion_type >= MAG_FUSE_TYPE_NONE) {
stopMagFusion();
return false;
}
// save a copy of the quaternion state for later use in calculating the amount of reset change
const Quatf quat_before_reset = _state.quat_nominal;
Quatf quat_after_reset = _state.quat_nominal;
// update transformation matrix from body to world frame using the current estimate
_R_to_earth = Dcmf(_state.quat_nominal);
// calculate the initial quaternion
// determine if a 321 or 312 Euler sequence is best
if (fabsf(_R_to_earth(2, 0)) < fabsf(_R_to_earth(2, 1))) {
// use a 321 sequence
// rotate the magnetometer measurement into earth frame
Eulerf euler321(_state.quat_nominal);
// Set the yaw angle to zero and calculate the rotation matrix from body to earth frame
euler321(2) = 0.0f;
// calculate the observed yaw angle
if (_control_status.flags.ev_yaw) {
// convert the observed quaternion to a rotation matrix
const Dcmf R_to_earth_ev(_ev_sample_delayed.quat); // transformation matrix from body to world frame
// calculate the yaw angle for a 312 sequence
euler321(2) = atan2f(R_to_earth_ev(1, 0), R_to_earth_ev(0, 0));
} else if (_params.mag_fusion_type <= MAG_FUSE_TYPE_3D) {
const Dcmf R_to_earth(euler321);
// rotate the magnetometer measurements into earth frame using a zero yaw angle
const Vector3f mag_earth_pred = R_to_earth * mag_init;
// the angle of the projection onto the horizontal gives the yaw angle
euler321(2) = -atan2f(mag_earth_pred(1), mag_earth_pred(0)) + getMagDeclination();
} else if (_params.mag_fusion_type == MAG_FUSE_TYPE_INDOOR && _mag_use_inhibit) {
// we are operating without knowing the earth frame yaw angle
return true;
} else {
// there is no yaw observation
return false;
}
// calculate initial quaternion states for the ekf
// we don't change the output attitude to avoid jumps
quat_after_reset = Quatf(euler321);
} else {
// use a 312 sequence
// Calculate the 312 sequence euler angles that rotate from earth to body frame
// See http://www.atacolorado.com/eulersequences.doc
Vector3f euler312;
euler312(0) = atan2f(-_R_to_earth(0, 1), _R_to_earth(1, 1)); // first rotation (yaw)
euler312(1) = asinf(_R_to_earth(2, 1)); // second rotation (roll)
euler312(2) = atan2f(-_R_to_earth(2, 0), _R_to_earth(2, 2)); // third rotation (pitch)
// Set the first rotation (yaw) to zero and calculate the rotation matrix from body to earth frame
euler312(0) = 0.0f;
// Calculate the body to earth frame rotation matrix from the euler angles using a 312 rotation sequence
float c2 = cosf(euler312(2));
float s2 = sinf(euler312(2));
float s1 = sinf(euler312(1));
float c1 = cosf(euler312(1));
float s0 = sinf(euler312(0));
float c0 = cosf(euler312(0));
Dcmf R_to_earth;
R_to_earth(0, 0) = c0 * c2 - s0 * s1 * s2;
R_to_earth(1, 1) = c0 * c1;
R_to_earth(2, 2) = c2 * c1;
R_to_earth(0, 1) = -c1 * s0;
R_to_earth(0, 2) = s2 * c0 + c2 * s1 * s0;
R_to_earth(1, 0) = c2 * s0 + s2 * s1 * c0;
R_to_earth(1, 2) = s0 * s2 - s1 * c0 * c2;
R_to_earth(2, 0) = -s2 * c1;
R_to_earth(2, 1) = s1;
// calculate the observed yaw angle
if (_control_status.flags.ev_yaw) {
// convert the observed quaternion to a rotation matrix
const Dcmf R_to_earth_ev(_ev_sample_delayed.quat);
// calculate the yaw angle for a 312 sequence
euler312(0) = atan2f(-R_to_earth_ev(0, 1), R_to_earth_ev(1, 1));
} else if (_params.mag_fusion_type <= MAG_FUSE_TYPE_3D) {
// rotate the magnetometer measurements into earth frame using a zero yaw angle
const Vector3f mag_earth_pred = R_to_earth * mag_init;
// the angle of the projection onto the horizontal gives the yaw angle
euler312(0) = -atan2f(mag_earth_pred(1), mag_earth_pred(0)) + getMagDeclination();
} else if (_params.mag_fusion_type == MAG_FUSE_TYPE_INDOOR && _mag_use_inhibit) {
// we are operating without knowing the earth frame yaw angle
return true;
} else {
// there is no yaw observation
return false;
}
// re-calculate the rotation matrix using the updated yaw angle
s0 = sinf(euler312(0));
c0 = cosf(euler312(0));
R_to_earth(0, 0) = c0 * c2 - s0 * s1 * s2;
R_to_earth(1, 1) = c0 * c1;
R_to_earth(2, 2) = c2 * c1;
R_to_earth(0, 1) = -c1 * s0;
R_to_earth(0, 2) = s2 * c0 + c2 * s1 * s0;
R_to_earth(1, 0) = c2 * s0 + s2 * s1 * c0;
R_to_earth(1, 2) = s0 * s2 - s1 * c0 * c2;
R_to_earth(2, 0) = -s2 * c1;
R_to_earth(2, 1) = s1;
// calculate initial quaternion states for the ekf
// we don't change the output attitude to avoid jumps
quat_after_reset = Quatf(R_to_earth);
}
// set the earth magnetic field states using the updated rotation
const Dcmf R_to_earth_after(quat_after_reset);
_state.mag_I = R_to_earth_after * mag_init;
// reset the corresponding rows and columns in the covariance matrix and set the variances on the magnetic field states to the measurement variance
clearMagCov();
if (_control_status.flags.mag_3D) {
for (uint8_t index = 16; index <= 21; index ++) {
P(index,index) = sq(_params.mag_noise);
}
// save covariance data for re-use when auto-switching between heading and 3-axis fusion
saveMagCovData();
}
// record the time for the magnetic field alignment event
_flt_mag_align_start_time = _imu_sample_delayed.time_us;
// calculate the amount that the quaternion has changed by
const Quatf q_error((quat_after_reset * quat_before_reset.inversed()).normalized());
// update quaternion states
_state.quat_nominal = quat_after_reset;
_R_to_earth = Dcmf(_state.quat_nominal);
uncorrelateQuatFromOtherStates();
// record the state change
_state_reset_status.quat_change = q_error;
if (increase_yaw_var) {
// update the yaw angle variance using the variance of the measurement
if (_control_status.flags.ev_yaw) {
// using error estimate from external vision data
increaseQuatYawErrVariance(fmaxf(_ev_sample_delayed.angVar, sq(1.0e-2f)));
} else if (_params.mag_fusion_type <= MAG_FUSE_TYPE_3D) {
// using magnetic heading tuning parameter
increaseQuatYawErrVariance(sq(fmaxf(_params.mag_heading_noise, 1.0e-2f)));
}
}
if (update_buffer) {
// add the reset amount to the output observer buffered data
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < _output_buffer.get_length(); i++) {
_output_buffer[i].quat_nominal = _state_reset_status.quat_change * _output_buffer[i].quat_nominal;
}
// apply the change in attitude quaternion to our newest quaternion estimate
// which was already taken out from the output buffer
_output_new.quat_nominal = _state_reset_status.quat_change * _output_new.quat_nominal;
}
// capture the reset event
_state_reset_status.quat_counter++;
return true;
}
// Return the magnetic declination in radians to be used by the alignment and fusion processing
float Ekf::getMagDeclination()
{
// set source of magnetic declination for internal use
if (_control_status.flags.mag_aligned_in_flight) {
// Use value consistent with earth field state
return atan2f(_state.mag_I(1), _state.mag_I(0));
} else if (_params.mag_declination_source & MASK_USE_GEO_DECL) {
// use parameter value until GPS is available, then use value returned by geo library
if (_NED_origin_initialised) {
return _mag_declination_gps;
} else {
return math::radians(_params.mag_declination_deg);
}
} else {
// always use the parameter value
return math::radians(_params.mag_declination_deg);
}
}
void Ekf::constrainStates()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
_state.quat_nominal(i) = math::constrain(_state.quat_nominal(i), -1.0f, 1.0f);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.vel(i) = math::constrain(_state.vel(i), -1000.0f, 1000.0f);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.pos(i) = math::constrain(_state.pos(i), -1.e6f, 1.e6f);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.delta_ang_bias(i) = math::constrain(_state.delta_ang_bias(i), -math::radians(20.f) * _dt_ekf_avg, math::radians(20.f) * _dt_ekf_avg);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.delta_vel_bias(i) = math::constrain(_state.delta_vel_bias(i), -_params.acc_bias_lim * _dt_ekf_avg, _params.acc_bias_lim * _dt_ekf_avg);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.mag_I(i) = math::constrain(_state.mag_I(i), -1.0f, 1.0f);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.mag_B(i) = math::constrain(_state.mag_B(i), -0.5f, 0.5f);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
_state.wind_vel(i) = math::constrain(_state.wind_vel(i), -100.0f, 100.0f);
}
}
float Ekf::compensateBaroForDynamicPressure(const float baro_alt_uncompensated)
{
// calculate static pressure error = Pmeas - Ptruth
// model position error sensitivity as a body fixed ellipse with a different scale in the positive and
// negative X and Y directions. Used to correct baro data for positional errors
const matrix::Dcmf R_to_body(_output_new.quat_nominal.inversed());
// Calculate airspeed in body frame
const Vector3f velocity_earth = _output_new.vel - _vel_imu_rel_body_ned;
const Vector3f wind_velocity_earth(_state.wind_vel(0), _state.wind_vel(1), 0.0f);
const Vector3f airspeed_earth = velocity_earth - wind_velocity_earth;
const Vector3f airspeed_body = R_to_body * airspeed_earth;
const Vector3f K_pstatic_coef(airspeed_body(0) >= 0.0f ? _params.static_pressure_coef_xp : _params.static_pressure_coef_xn,
airspeed_body(1) >= 0.0f ? _params.static_pressure_coef_yp : _params.static_pressure_coef_yn,
_params.static_pressure_coef_z);
const Vector3f airspeed_squared = matrix::min(airspeed_body.emult(airspeed_body), sq(_params.max_correction_airspeed));
const float pstatic_err = 0.5f * _air_density * (airspeed_squared.dot(K_pstatic_coef));
// correct baro measurement using pressure error estimate and assuming sea level gravity
return baro_alt_uncompensated + pstatic_err / (_air_density * CONSTANTS_ONE_G);
}
// calculate the earth rotation vector
Vector3f Ekf::calcEarthRateNED(float lat_rad) const
{
return Vector3f(CONSTANTS_EARTH_SPIN_RATE * cosf(lat_rad),
0.0f,
-CONSTANTS_EARTH_SPIN_RATE * sinf(lat_rad));
}
void Ekf::getGpsVelPosInnov(float hvel[2], float &vvel, float hpos[2], float &vpos)
{
hvel[0] = _gps_vel_innov(0);
hvel[1] = _gps_vel_innov(1);
vvel = _gps_vel_innov(2);
hpos[0] = _gps_pos_innov(0);
hpos[1] = _gps_pos_innov(1);
vpos = _gps_pos_innov(2);
}
void Ekf::getGpsVelPosInnovVar(float hvel[2], float &vvel, float hpos[2], float &vpos)
{
hvel[0] = _gps_vel_innov_var(0);
hvel[1] = _gps_vel_innov_var(1);
vvel = _gps_vel_innov_var(2);
hpos[0] = _gps_pos_innov_var(0);
hpos[1] = _gps_pos_innov_var(1);
vpos = _gps_pos_innov_var(2);
}
void Ekf::getGpsVelPosInnovRatio(float &hvel, float &vvel, float &hpos, float &vpos)
{
hvel = _gps_vel_test_ratio(0);
vvel = _gps_vel_test_ratio(1);
hpos = _gps_pos_test_ratio(0);
vpos = _gps_pos_test_ratio(1);
}
void Ekf::getEvVelPosInnov(float hvel[2], float &vvel, float hpos[2], float &vpos)
{
hvel[0] = _ev_vel_innov(0);
hvel[1] = _ev_vel_innov(1);
vvel = _ev_vel_innov(2);
hpos[0] = _ev_pos_innov(0);
hpos[1] = _ev_pos_innov(1);
vpos = _ev_pos_innov(2);
}
void Ekf::getEvVelPosInnovVar(float hvel[2], float &vvel, float hpos[2], float &vpos)
{
hvel[0] = _ev_vel_innov_var(0);
hvel[1] = _ev_vel_innov_var(1);
vvel = _ev_vel_innov_var(2);
hpos[0] = _ev_pos_innov_var(0);
hpos[1] = _ev_pos_innov_var(1);
vpos = _ev_pos_innov_var(2);
}
void Ekf::getEvVelPosInnovRatio(float &hvel, float &vvel, float &hpos, float &vpos)
{
hvel = _ev_vel_test_ratio(0);
vvel = _ev_vel_test_ratio(1);
hpos = _ev_pos_test_ratio(0);
vpos = _ev_pos_test_ratio(1);
}
void Ekf::getBaroHgtInnov(float &baro_hgt_innov)
{
baro_hgt_innov = _baro_hgt_innov(2);
}
void Ekf::getBaroHgtInnovVar(float &baro_hgt_innov_var)
{
baro_hgt_innov_var = _baro_hgt_innov_var(2);
}
void Ekf::getBaroHgtInnovRatio(float &baro_hgt_innov_ratio)
{
baro_hgt_innov_ratio = _baro_hgt_test_ratio(1);
}
void Ekf::getRngHgtInnov(float &rng_hgt_innov)
{
rng_hgt_innov = _rng_hgt_innov(2);
}
void Ekf::getRngHgtInnovVar(float &rng_hgt_innov_var)
{
rng_hgt_innov_var = _rng_hgt_innov_var(2);
}
void Ekf::getRngHgtInnovRatio(float &rng_hgt_innov_ratio)
{
rng_hgt_innov_ratio = _rng_hgt_test_ratio(1);
}
void Ekf::getAuxVelInnov(float aux_vel_innov[2])
{
aux_vel_innov[0] = _aux_vel_innov(0);
aux_vel_innov[1] = _aux_vel_innov(1);
}
void Ekf::getAuxVelInnovVar(float aux_vel_innov_var[2])
{
aux_vel_innov_var[0] = _aux_vel_innov_var(0);
aux_vel_innov_var[1] = _aux_vel_innov_var(1);
}
void Ekf::getAuxVelInnovRatio(float &aux_vel_innov_ratio)
{
aux_vel_innov_ratio = _aux_vel_test_ratio(0);
}
void Ekf::getFlowInnov(float flow_innov[2])
{
memcpy(flow_innov, _flow_innov, sizeof(_flow_innov));
}
void Ekf::getFlowInnovVar(float flow_innov_var[2])
{
memcpy(flow_innov_var, _flow_innov_var, sizeof(_flow_innov_var));
}
void Ekf::getFlowInnovRatio(float &flow_innov_ratio)
{
flow_innov_ratio = _optflow_test_ratio;
}
void Ekf::getHeadingInnov(float &heading_innov)
{
heading_innov = _heading_innov;
}
void Ekf::getHeadingInnovVar(float &heading_innov_var)
{
heading_innov_var = _heading_innov_var;
}
void Ekf::getHeadingInnovRatio(float &heading_innov_ratio)
{
heading_innov_ratio = _yaw_test_ratio;
}
void Ekf::getMagInnov(float mag_innov[3])
{
memcpy(mag_innov, _mag_innov, sizeof(_mag_innov));
}
void Ekf::getMagInnovVar(float mag_innov_var[3])
{
memcpy(mag_innov_var, _mag_innov_var, sizeof(_mag_innov_var));
}
void Ekf::getMagInnovRatio(float &mag_innov_ratio)
{
mag_innov_ratio = math::max(math::max(_mag_test_ratio[0], _mag_test_ratio[1]), _mag_test_ratio[2]);
}
void Ekf::getDragInnov(float drag_innov[2])
{
memcpy(drag_innov, _drag_innov, sizeof(_drag_innov));
}
void Ekf::getDragInnovVar(float drag_innov_var[2])
{
memcpy(drag_innov_var, _drag_innov_var, sizeof(_drag_innov_var));
}
void Ekf::getDragInnovRatio(float drag_innov_ratio[2])
{
memcpy(drag_innov_ratio, &_drag_test_ratio, sizeof(_drag_test_ratio));
}
void Ekf::getAirspeedInnov(float &airspeed_innov)
{
airspeed_innov = _airspeed_innov;
}
void Ekf::getAirspeedInnovVar(float &airspeed_innov_var)
{
airspeed_innov_var = _airspeed_innov_var;
}
void Ekf::getAirspeedInnovRatio(float &airspeed_innov_ratio)
{
airspeed_innov_ratio = _tas_test_ratio;
}
void Ekf::getBetaInnov(float &beta_innov)
{
beta_innov = _beta_innov;
}
void Ekf::getBetaInnovVar(float &beta_innov_var)
{
beta_innov_var = _beta_innov_var;
}
void Ekf::getBetaInnovRatio(float &beta_innov_ratio)
{
beta_innov_ratio = _beta_test_ratio;
}
void Ekf::getHaglInnov(float &hagl_innov)
{
hagl_innov = _hagl_innov;
}
void Ekf::getHaglInnovVar(float &hagl_innov_var)
{
hagl_innov_var = _hagl_innov_var;
}
void Ekf::getHaglInnovRatio(float &hagl_innov_ratio)
{
hagl_innov_ratio = _hagl_test_ratio;
}
// get GPS check status
void Ekf::get_gps_check_status(uint16_t *val)
{
*val = _gps_check_fail_status.value;
}
// get the state vector at the delayed time horizon
void Ekf::get_state_delayed(float *state)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
state[i] = _state.quat_nominal(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
state[i + 4] = _state.vel(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
state[i + 7] = _state.pos(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
state[i + 10] = _state.delta_ang_bias(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
state[i + 13] = _state.delta_vel_bias(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
state[i + 16] = _state.mag_I(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
state[i + 19] = _state.mag_B(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
state[i + 22] = _state.wind_vel(i);
}
}
// get the accelerometer bias
void Ekf::get_accel_bias(float bias[3])
{
float temp[3];
temp[0] = _state.delta_vel_bias(0) / _dt_ekf_avg;
temp[1] = _state.delta_vel_bias(1) / _dt_ekf_avg;
temp[2] = _state.delta_vel_bias(2) / _dt_ekf_avg;
memcpy(bias, temp, 3 * sizeof(float));
}
// get the gyroscope bias in rad/s
void Ekf::get_gyro_bias(float bias[3])
{
float temp[3];
temp[0] = _state.delta_ang_bias(0) / _dt_ekf_avg;
temp[1] = _state.delta_ang_bias(1) / _dt_ekf_avg;
temp[2] = _state.delta_ang_bias(2) / _dt_ekf_avg;
memcpy(bias, temp, 3 * sizeof(float));
}
// get the position and height of the ekf origin in WGS-84 coordinates and time the origin was set
// return true if the origin is valid
bool Ekf::get_ekf_origin(uint64_t *origin_time, map_projection_reference_s *origin_pos, float *origin_alt)
{
memcpy(origin_time, &_last_gps_origin_time_us, sizeof(uint64_t));
memcpy(origin_pos, &_pos_ref, sizeof(map_projection_reference_s));
memcpy(origin_alt, &_gps_alt_ref, sizeof(float));
return _NED_origin_initialised;
}
// return an array containing the output predictor angular, velocity and position tracking
// error magnitudes (rad), (m/s), (m)
void Ekf::get_output_tracking_error(float error[3])
{
memcpy(error, _output_tracking_error, 3 * sizeof(float));
}
/*
Returns following IMU vibration metrics in the following array locations
0 : Gyro delta angle coning metric = filtered length of (delta_angle x prev_delta_angle)
1 : Gyro high frequency vibe = filtered length of (delta_angle - prev_delta_angle)
2 : Accel high frequency vibe = filtered length of (delta_velocity - prev_delta_velocity)
*/
void Ekf::get_imu_vibe_metrics(float vibe[3])
{
memcpy(vibe, _vibe_metrics, 3 * sizeof(float));
}
/*
First argument returns GPS drift metrics in the following array locations
0 : Horizontal position drift rate (m/s)
1 : Vertical position drift rate (m/s)
2 : Filtered horizontal velocity (m/s)
Second argument returns true when IMU movement is blocking the drift calculation
Function returns true if the metrics have been updated and not returned previously by this function
*/
bool Ekf::get_gps_drift_metrics(float drift[3], bool *blocked)
{
memcpy(drift, _gps_drift_metrics, 3 * sizeof(float));
*blocked = !_control_status.flags.vehicle_at_rest;
if (_gps_drift_updated) {
_gps_drift_updated = false;
return true;
}
return false;
}
// get the 1-sigma horizontal and vertical position uncertainty of the ekf WGS-84 position
void Ekf::get_ekf_gpos_accuracy(float *ekf_eph, float *ekf_epv)
{
// report absolute accuracy taking into account the uncertainty in location of the origin
// If not aiding, return 0 for horizontal position estimate as no estimate is available
// TODO - allow for baro drift in vertical position error
float hpos_err = sqrtf(P(7,7) + P(8,8) + sq(_gps_origin_eph));
// If we are dead-reckoning, use the innovations as a conservative alternate measure of the horizontal position error
// The reason is that complete rejection of measurements is often caused by heading misalignment or inertial sensing errors
// and using state variances for accuracy reporting is overly optimistic in these situations
if (_is_dead_reckoning && (_control_status.flags.gps)) {
hpos_err = math::max(hpos_err, sqrtf(sq(_gps_pos_innov(0)) + sq(_gps_pos_innov(1))));
}
else if (_is_dead_reckoning && (_control_status.flags.ev_pos)) {
hpos_err = math::max(hpos_err, sqrtf(sq(_ev_pos_innov(0)) + sq(_ev_pos_innov(1))));
}
*ekf_eph = hpos_err;
*ekf_epv = sqrtf(P(9,9) + sq(_gps_origin_epv));
}
// get the 1-sigma horizontal and vertical position uncertainty of the ekf local position
void Ekf::get_ekf_lpos_accuracy(float *ekf_eph, float *ekf_epv)
{
// TODO - allow for baro drift in vertical position error
float hpos_err = sqrtf(P(7,7) + P(8,8));
// If we are dead-reckoning, use the innovations as a conservative alternate measure of the horizontal position error
// The reason is that complete rejection of measurements is often caused by heading misalignment or inertial sensing errors
// and using state variances for accuracy reporting is overly optimistic in these situations
if (_is_dead_reckoning && _control_status.flags.gps) {
hpos_err = math::max(hpos_err, sqrtf(sq(_gps_pos_innov(0)) + sq(_gps_pos_innov(1))));
}
*ekf_eph = hpos_err;
*ekf_epv = sqrtf(P(9,9));
}
// get the 1-sigma horizontal and vertical velocity uncertainty
void Ekf::get_ekf_vel_accuracy(float *ekf_evh, float *ekf_evv)
{
float hvel_err = sqrtf(P(4,4) + P(5,5));
// If we are dead-reckoning, use the innovations as a conservative alternate measure of the horizontal velocity error
// The reason is that complete rejection of measurements is often caused by heading misalignment or inertial sensing errors
// and using state variances for accuracy reporting is overly optimistic in these situations
if (_is_dead_reckoning) {
float vel_err_conservative = 0.0f;
if (_control_status.flags.opt_flow) {
float gndclearance = math::max(_params.rng_gnd_clearance, 0.1f);
vel_err_conservative = math::max((_terrain_vpos - _state.pos(2)), gndclearance) * sqrtf(sq(_flow_innov[0]) + sq(_flow_innov[1]));
}
if (_control_status.flags.gps) {
vel_err_conservative = math::max(vel_err_conservative, sqrtf(sq(_gps_pos_innov(0)) + sq(_gps_pos_innov(1))));
}
else if (_control_status.flags.ev_pos) {
vel_err_conservative = math::max(vel_err_conservative, sqrtf(sq(_ev_pos_innov(0)) + sq(_ev_pos_innov(1))));
}
if (_control_status.flags.ev_vel) {
vel_err_conservative = math::max(vel_err_conservative, sqrtf(sq(_ev_vel_innov(0)) + sq(_ev_vel_innov(1))));
}
hvel_err = math::max(hvel_err, vel_err_conservative);
}
*ekf_evh = hvel_err;
*ekf_evv = sqrtf(P(6,6));
}
/*
Returns the following vehicle control limits required by the estimator to keep within sensor limitations.
vxy_max : Maximum ground relative horizontal speed (meters/sec). NaN when limiting is not needed.
vz_max : Maximum ground relative vertical speed (meters/sec). NaN when limiting is not needed.
hagl_min : Minimum height above ground (meters). NaN when limiting is not needed.
hagl_max : Maximum height above ground (meters). NaN when limiting is not needed.
*/
void Ekf::get_ekf_ctrl_limits(float *vxy_max, float *vz_max, float *hagl_min, float *hagl_max)
{
// Calculate range finder limits
const float rangefinder_hagl_min = _rng_valid_min_val;
// Allow use of 75% of rangefinder maximum range to allow for angular motion
const float rangefinder_hagl_max = 0.75f * _rng_valid_max_val;
// Calculate optical flow limits
// Allow ground relative velocity to use 50% of available flow sensor range to allow for angular motion
const float flow_vxy_max = fmaxf(0.5f * _flow_max_rate * (_terrain_vpos - _state.pos(2)), 0.0f);
const float flow_hagl_min = _flow_min_distance;
const float flow_hagl_max = _flow_max_distance;
// TODO : calculate visual odometry limits
const bool relying_on_rangefinder = _control_status.flags.rng_hgt && !_params.range_aid;
const bool relying_on_optical_flow = isOnlyActiveSourceOfHorizontalAiding(_control_status.flags.opt_flow);
// Do not require limiting by default
*vxy_max = NAN;
*vz_max = NAN;
*hagl_min = NAN;
*hagl_max = NAN;
// Keep within range sensor limit when using rangefinder as primary height source
if (relying_on_rangefinder) {
*vxy_max = NAN;
*vz_max = NAN;
*hagl_min = rangefinder_hagl_min;
*hagl_max = rangefinder_hagl_max;
}
// Keep within flow AND range sensor limits when exclusively using optical flow
if (relying_on_optical_flow) {
*vxy_max = flow_vxy_max;
*vz_max = NAN;
*hagl_min = fmaxf(rangefinder_hagl_min, flow_hagl_min);
*hagl_max = fminf(rangefinder_hagl_max, flow_hagl_max);
}
}
bool Ekf::reset_imu_bias()
{
if (_imu_sample_delayed.time_us - _last_imu_bias_cov_reset_us < (uint64_t)10e6) {
return false;
}
// Zero the delta angle and delta velocity bias states
_state.delta_ang_bias.zero();
_state.delta_vel_bias.zero();
// Zero the corresponding covariances and set
// variances to the values use for initial alignment
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<3>(10, sq(_params.switch_on_gyro_bias * FILTER_UPDATE_PERIOD_S));
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<3>(13, sq(_params.switch_on_accel_bias * FILTER_UPDATE_PERIOD_S));
_last_imu_bias_cov_reset_us = _imu_sample_delayed.time_us;
// Set previous frame values
_prev_dvel_bias_var = P.slice<3,3>(13,13).diag();
return true;
}
// get EKF innovation consistency check status information comprising of:
// status - a bitmask integer containing the pass/fail status for each EKF measurement innovation consistency check
// Innovation Test Ratios - these are the ratio of the innovation to the acceptance threshold.
// A value > 1 indicates that the sensor measurement has exceeded the maximum acceptable level and has been rejected by the EKF
// Where a measurement type is a vector quantity, eg magnetometer, GPS position, etc, the maximum value is returned.
void Ekf::get_innovation_test_status(uint16_t &status, float &mag, float &vel, float &pos, float &hgt, float &tas, float &hagl, float &beta)
{
// return the integer bitmask containing the consistency check pass/fail status
status = _innov_check_fail_status.value;
// return the largest magnetometer innovation test ratio
mag = sqrtf(math::max(_yaw_test_ratio, math::max(math::max(_mag_test_ratio[0], _mag_test_ratio[1]), _mag_test_ratio[2])));
// return the largest velocity innovation test ratio
vel = math::max(sqrtf(math::max(_gps_vel_test_ratio(0), _gps_vel_test_ratio(1))),
sqrtf(math::max(_ev_vel_test_ratio(0), _ev_vel_test_ratio(1))));
// return the largest position innovation test ratio
pos = math::max(sqrtf(_gps_pos_test_ratio(0)),sqrtf(_ev_pos_test_ratio(0)));
// return the vertical position innovation test ratio
hgt = sqrtf(_gps_pos_test_ratio(0));
// return the airspeed fusion innovation test ratio
tas = sqrtf(_tas_test_ratio);
// return the terrain height innovation test ratio
hagl = sqrtf(_hagl_test_ratio);
// return the synthetic sideslip innovation test ratio
beta = sqrtf(_beta_test_ratio);
}
// return a bitmask integer that describes which state estimates are valid
void Ekf::get_ekf_soln_status(uint16_t *status)
{
ekf_solution_status soln_status;
// TODO: Is this accurate enough?
soln_status.flags.attitude = _control_status.flags.tilt_align && _control_status.flags.yaw_align && (_fault_status.value == 0);
soln_status.flags.velocity_horiz = (isHorizontalAidingActive() || (_control_status.flags.fuse_beta && _control_status.flags.fuse_aspd)) && (_fault_status.value == 0);
soln_status.flags.velocity_vert = (_control_status.flags.baro_hgt || _control_status.flags.ev_hgt || _control_status.flags.gps_hgt || _control_status.flags.rng_hgt) && (_fault_status.value == 0);
soln_status.flags.pos_horiz_rel = (_control_status.flags.gps || _control_status.flags.ev_pos || _control_status.flags.opt_flow) && (_fault_status.value == 0);
soln_status.flags.pos_horiz_abs = (_control_status.flags.gps || _control_status.flags.ev_pos) && (_fault_status.value == 0);
soln_status.flags.pos_vert_abs = soln_status.flags.velocity_vert;
soln_status.flags.pos_vert_agl = isTerrainEstimateValid();
soln_status.flags.const_pos_mode = !soln_status.flags.velocity_horiz;
soln_status.flags.pred_pos_horiz_rel = soln_status.flags.pos_horiz_rel;
soln_status.flags.pred_pos_horiz_abs = soln_status.flags.pos_horiz_abs;
bool gps_vel_innov_bad = (_gps_vel_test_ratio(0) > 1.0f) || (_gps_vel_test_ratio(1) > 1.0f);
bool gps_pos_innov_bad = (_gps_pos_test_ratio(0) > 1.0f);
bool mag_innov_good = (_mag_test_ratio[0] < 1.0f) && (_mag_test_ratio[1] < 1.0f) && (_mag_test_ratio[2] < 1.0f) && (_yaw_test_ratio < 1.0f);
soln_status.flags.gps_glitch = (gps_vel_innov_bad || gps_pos_innov_bad) && mag_innov_good;
soln_status.flags.accel_error = _bad_vert_accel_detected;
*status = soln_status.value;
}
// fuse measurement
void Ekf::fuse(float *K, float innovation)
{
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
_state.quat_nominal(i) = _state.quat_nominal(i) - K[i] * innovation;
}
_state.quat_nominal.normalize();
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.vel(i) = _state.vel(i) - K[i + 4] * innovation;
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.pos(i) = _state.pos(i) - K[i + 7] * innovation;
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.delta_ang_bias(i) = _state.delta_ang_bias(i) - K[i + 10] * innovation;
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.delta_vel_bias(i) = _state.delta_vel_bias(i) - K[i + 13] * innovation;
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.mag_I(i) = _state.mag_I(i) - K[i + 16] * innovation;
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
_state.mag_B(i) = _state.mag_B(i) - K[i + 19] * innovation;
}
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
_state.wind_vel(i) = _state.wind_vel(i) - K[i + 22] * innovation;
}
}
void Ekf::uncorrelateQuatFromOtherStates()
{
P.slice<_k_num_states - 4, 4>(4, 0) = 0.f;
P.slice<4, _k_num_states - 4>(0, 4) = 0.f;
}
bool Ekf::global_position_is_valid()
{
// return true if the origin is set we are not doing unconstrained free inertial navigation
// and have not started using synthetic position observations to constrain drift
return (_NED_origin_initialised && !_deadreckon_time_exceeded && !_using_synthetic_position);
}
// return true if we are totally reliant on inertial dead-reckoning for position
void Ekf::update_deadreckoning_status()
{
bool velPosAiding = (_control_status.flags.gps || _control_status.flags.ev_pos || _control_status.flags.ev_vel)
&& (isRecent(_time_last_hor_pos_fuse, _params.no_aid_timeout_max)
|| isRecent(_time_last_hor_vel_fuse, _params.no_aid_timeout_max)
|| isRecent(_time_last_delpos_fuse, _params.no_aid_timeout_max));
bool optFlowAiding = _control_status.flags.opt_flow && isRecent(_time_last_of_fuse, _params.no_aid_timeout_max);
bool airDataAiding = _control_status.flags.wind &&
isRecent(_time_last_arsp_fuse, _params.no_aid_timeout_max) &&
isRecent(_time_last_beta_fuse, _params.no_aid_timeout_max);
_is_wind_dead_reckoning = !velPosAiding && !optFlowAiding && airDataAiding;
_is_dead_reckoning = !velPosAiding && !optFlowAiding && !airDataAiding;
if (!_is_dead_reckoning) {
_time_last_aiding = _time_last_imu - _params.no_aid_timeout_max;
}
// report if we have been deadreckoning for too long
_deadreckon_time_exceeded = isTimedOut(_time_last_aiding, (uint64_t)_params.valid_timeout_max);
}
// calculate the inverse rotation matrix from a quaternion rotation
// this produces the inverse rotation to that produced by the math library quaternion to Dcmf operator
Matrix3f EstimatorInterface::quat_to_invrotmat(const Quatf &quat)
{
float q00 = quat(0) * quat(0);
float q11 = quat(1) * quat(1);
float q22 = quat(2) * quat(2);
float q33 = quat(3) * quat(3);
float q01 = quat(0) * quat(1);
float q02 = quat(0) * quat(2);
float q03 = quat(0) * quat(3);
float q12 = quat(1) * quat(2);
float q13 = quat(1) * quat(3);
float q23 = quat(2) * quat(3);
Matrix3f dcm;
dcm(0, 0) = q00 + q11 - q22 - q33;
dcm(1, 1) = q00 - q11 + q22 - q33;
dcm(2, 2) = q00 - q11 - q22 + q33;
dcm(1, 0) = 2.0f * (q12 - q03);
dcm(2, 0) = 2.0f * (q13 + q02);
dcm(0, 1) = 2.0f * (q12 + q03);
dcm(2, 1) = 2.0f * (q23 - q01);
dcm(0, 2) = 2.0f * (q13 - q02);
dcm(1, 2) = 2.0f * (q23 + q01);
return dcm;
}
// calculate the variances for the rotation vector equivalent
Vector3f Ekf::calcRotVecVariances()
{
Vector3f rot_var_vec;
float q0, q1, q2, q3;
if (_state.quat_nominal(0) >= 0.0f) {
q0 = _state.quat_nominal(0);
q1 = _state.quat_nominal(1);
q2 = _state.quat_nominal(2);
q3 = _state.quat_nominal(3);
} else {
q0 = -_state.quat_nominal(0);
q1 = -_state.quat_nominal(1);
q2 = -_state.quat_nominal(2);
q3 = -_state.quat_nominal(3);
}
float t2 = q0*q0;
float t3 = acosf(q0);
float t4 = -t2+1.0f;
float t5 = t2-1.0f;
if ((t4 > 1e-9f) && (t5 < -1e-9f)) {
float t6 = 1.0f/t5;
float t7 = q1*t6*2.0f;
float t8 = 1.0f/powf(t4,1.5f);
float t9 = q0*q1*t3*t8*2.0f;
float t10 = t7+t9;
float t11 = 1.0f/sqrtf(t4);
float t12 = q2*t6*2.0f;
float t13 = q0*q2*t3*t8*2.0f;
float t14 = t12+t13;
float t15 = q3*t6*2.0f;
float t16 = q0*q3*t3*t8*2.0f;
float t17 = t15+t16;
rot_var_vec(0) = t10*(P(0,0)*t10+P(1,0)*t3*t11*2.0f)+t3*t11*(P(0,1)*t10+P(1,1)*t3*t11*2.0f)*2.0f;
rot_var_vec(1) = t14*(P(0,0)*t14+P(2,0)*t3*t11*2.0f)+t3*t11*(P(0,2)*t14+P(2,2)*t3*t11*2.0f)*2.0f;
rot_var_vec(2) = t17*(P(0,0)*t17+P(3,0)*t3*t11*2.0f)+t3*t11*(P(0,3)*t17+P(3,3)*t3*t11*2.0f)*2.0f;
} else {
rot_var_vec = 4.0f * P.slice<3,3>(1,1).diag();
}
return rot_var_vec;
}
// initialise the quaternion covariances using rotation vector variances
// do not call before quaternion states are initialised
void Ekf::initialiseQuatCovariances(Vector3f &rot_vec_var)
{
// calculate an equivalent rotation vector from the quaternion
float q0,q1,q2,q3;
if (_state.quat_nominal(0) >= 0.0f) {
q0 = _state.quat_nominal(0);
q1 = _state.quat_nominal(1);
q2 = _state.quat_nominal(2);
q3 = _state.quat_nominal(3);
} else {
q0 = -_state.quat_nominal(0);
q1 = -_state.quat_nominal(1);
q2 = -_state.quat_nominal(2);
q3 = -_state.quat_nominal(3);
}
float delta = 2.0f*acosf(q0);
float scaler = (delta/sinf(delta*0.5f));
float rotX = scaler*q1;
float rotY = scaler*q2;
float rotZ = scaler*q3;
// autocode generated using matlab symbolic toolbox
float t2 = rotX*rotX;
float t4 = rotY*rotY;
float t5 = rotZ*rotZ;
float t6 = t2+t4+t5;
if (t6 > 1e-9f) {
float t7 = sqrtf(t6);
float t8 = t7*0.5f;
float t3 = sinf(t8);
float t9 = t3*t3;
float t10 = 1.0f/t6;
float t11 = 1.0f/sqrtf(t6);
float t12 = cosf(t8);
float t13 = 1.0f/powf(t6,1.5f);
float t14 = t3*t11;
float t15 = rotX*rotY*t3*t13;
float t16 = rotX*rotZ*t3*t13;
float t17 = rotY*rotZ*t3*t13;
float t18 = t2*t10*t12*0.5f;
float t27 = t2*t3*t13;
float t19 = t14+t18-t27;
float t23 = rotX*rotY*t10*t12*0.5f;
float t28 = t15-t23;
float t20 = rotY*rot_vec_var(1)*t3*t11*t28*0.5f;
float t25 = rotX*rotZ*t10*t12*0.5f;
float t31 = t16-t25;
float t21 = rotZ*rot_vec_var(2)*t3*t11*t31*0.5f;
float t22 = t20+t21-rotX*rot_vec_var(0)*t3*t11*t19*0.5f;
float t24 = t15-t23;
float t26 = t16-t25;
float t29 = t4*t10*t12*0.5f;
float t34 = t3*t4*t13;
float t30 = t14+t29-t34;
float t32 = t5*t10*t12*0.5f;
float t40 = t3*t5*t13;
float t33 = t14+t32-t40;
float t36 = rotY*rotZ*t10*t12*0.5f;
float t39 = t17-t36;
float t35 = rotZ*rot_vec_var(2)*t3*t11*t39*0.5f;
float t37 = t15-t23;
float t38 = t17-t36;
float t41 = rot_vec_var(0)*(t15-t23)*(t16-t25);
float t42 = t41-rot_vec_var(1)*t30*t39-rot_vec_var(2)*t33*t39;
float t43 = t16-t25;
float t44 = t17-t36;
// zero all the quaternion covariances
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<2>(0, 0.0f);
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<2>(2, 0.0f);
// Update the quaternion internal covariances using auto-code generated using matlab symbolic toolbox
P(0,0) = rot_vec_var(0)*t2*t9*t10*0.25f+rot_vec_var(1)*t4*t9*t10*0.25f+rot_vec_var(2)*t5*t9*t10*0.25f;
P(0,1) = t22;
P(0,2) = t35+rotX*rot_vec_var(0)*t3*t11*(t15-rotX*rotY*t10*t12*0.5f)*0.5f-rotY*rot_vec_var(1)*t3*t11*t30*0.5f;
P(0,3) = rotX*rot_vec_var(0)*t3*t11*(t16-rotX*rotZ*t10*t12*0.5f)*0.5f+rotY*rot_vec_var(1)*t3*t11*(t17-rotY*rotZ*t10*t12*0.5f)*0.5f-rotZ*rot_vec_var(2)*t3*t11*t33*0.5f;
P(1,0) = t22;
P(1,1) = rot_vec_var(0)*(t19*t19)+rot_vec_var(1)*(t24*t24)+rot_vec_var(2)*(t26*t26);
P(1,2) = rot_vec_var(2)*(t16-t25)*(t17-rotY*rotZ*t10*t12*0.5f)-rot_vec_var(0)*t19*t28-rot_vec_var(1)*t28*t30;
P(1,3) = rot_vec_var(1)*(t15-t23)*(t17-rotY*rotZ*t10*t12*0.5f)-rot_vec_var(0)*t19*t31-rot_vec_var(2)*t31*t33;
P(2,0) = t35-rotY*rot_vec_var(1)*t3*t11*t30*0.5f+rotX*rot_vec_var(0)*t3*t11*(t15-t23)*0.5f;
P(2,1) = rot_vec_var(2)*(t16-t25)*(t17-t36)-rot_vec_var(0)*t19*t28-rot_vec_var(1)*t28*t30;
P(2,2) = rot_vec_var(1)*(t30*t30)+rot_vec_var(0)*(t37*t37)+rot_vec_var(2)*(t38*t38);
P(2,3) = t42;
P(3,0) = rotZ*rot_vec_var(2)*t3*t11*t33*(-0.5f)+rotX*rot_vec_var(0)*t3*t11*(t16-t25)*0.5f+rotY*rot_vec_var(1)*t3*t11*(t17-t36)*0.5f;
P(3,1) = rot_vec_var(1)*(t15-t23)*(t17-t36)-rot_vec_var(0)*t19*t31-rot_vec_var(2)*t31*t33;
P(3,2) = t42;
P(3,3) = rot_vec_var(2)*(t33*t33)+rot_vec_var(0)*(t43*t43)+rot_vec_var(1)*(t44*t44);
} else {
// the equations are badly conditioned so use a small angle approximation
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<1>(0, 0.0f);
P.uncorrelateCovarianceSetVariance<3>(1, 0.25f * rot_vec_var);
}
}
void Ekf::setControlBaroHeight()
{
_control_status.flags.baro_hgt = true;
_control_status.flags.gps_hgt = false;
_control_status.flags.rng_hgt = false;
_control_status.flags.ev_hgt = false;
}
void Ekf::setControlRangeHeight()
{
_control_status.flags.rng_hgt = true;
_control_status.flags.baro_hgt = false;
_control_status.flags.gps_hgt = false;
_control_status.flags.ev_hgt = false;
}
void Ekf::setControlGPSHeight()
{
_control_status.flags.gps_hgt = true;
_control_status.flags.baro_hgt = false;
_control_status.flags.rng_hgt = false;
_control_status.flags.ev_hgt = false;
}
void Ekf::setControlEVHeight()
{
_control_status.flags.ev_hgt = true;
_control_status.flags.baro_hgt = false;
_control_status.flags.gps_hgt = false;
_control_status.flags.rng_hgt = false;
}
void Ekf::stopMagFusion()
{
stopMag3DFusion();
stopMagHdgFusion();
clearMagCov();
}
void Ekf::stopMag3DFusion()
{
// save covariance data for re-use if currently doing 3-axis fusion
if (_control_status.flags.mag_3D) {
saveMagCovData();
_control_status.flags.mag_3D = false;
}
}
void Ekf::stopMagHdgFusion()
{
_control_status.flags.mag_hdg = false;
}
void Ekf::startMagHdgFusion()
{
stopMag3DFusion();
_control_status.flags.mag_hdg = true;
}
void Ekf::startMag3DFusion()
{
if (!_control_status.flags.mag_3D) {
stopMagHdgFusion();
zeroMagCov();
loadMagCovData();
_control_status.flags.mag_3D = true;
}
}
// update the rotation matrix which rotates EV measurements into the EKF's navigation frame
void Ekf::calcExtVisRotMat()
{
// Calculate the quaternion delta that rotates from the EV to the EKF reference frame at the EKF fusion time horizon.
const Quatf q_error((_state.quat_nominal * _ev_sample_delayed.quat.inversed()).normalized());
_R_ev_to_ekf = Dcmf(q_error);
}
// return the quaternions for the rotation from External Vision system reference frame to the EKF reference frame
void Ekf::get_ev2ekf_quaternion(float *quat)
{
const Quatf quat_ev2ekf(_R_ev_to_ekf);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
quat[i] = quat_ev2ekf(i);
}
}
// Increase the yaw error variance of the quaternions
// Argument is additional yaw variance in rad**2
void Ekf::increaseQuatYawErrVariance(float yaw_variance)
{
// See DeriveYawResetEquations.m for derivation which produces code fragments in C_code4.txt file
// The auto-code was cleaned up and had terms multiplied by zero removed to give the following:
// Intermediate variables
float SG[3];
SG[0] = sq(_state.quat_nominal(0)) - sq(_state.quat_nominal(1)) - sq(_state.quat_nominal(2)) + sq(_state.quat_nominal(3));
SG[1] = 2*_state.quat_nominal(0)*_state.quat_nominal(2) - 2*_state.quat_nominal(1)*_state.quat_nominal(3);
SG[2] = 2*_state.quat_nominal(0)*_state.quat_nominal(1) + 2*_state.quat_nominal(2)*_state.quat_nominal(3);
float SQ[4];
SQ[0] = 0.5f * ((_state.quat_nominal(1)*SG[0]) - (_state.quat_nominal(0)*SG[2]) + (_state.quat_nominal(3)*SG[1]));
SQ[1] = 0.5f * ((_state.quat_nominal(0)*SG[1]) - (_state.quat_nominal(2)*SG[0]) + (_state.quat_nominal(3)*SG[2]));
SQ[2] = 0.5f * ((_state.quat_nominal(3)*SG[0]) - (_state.quat_nominal(1)*SG[1]) + (_state.quat_nominal(2)*SG[2]));
SQ[3] = 0.5f * ((_state.quat_nominal(0)*SG[0]) + (_state.quat_nominal(1)*SG[2]) + (_state.quat_nominal(2)*SG[1]));
// Limit yaw variance increase to prevent a badly conditioned covariance matrix
yaw_variance = fminf(yaw_variance, 1.0e-2f);
// Add covariances for additonal yaw uncertainty to existing covariances.
// This assumes that the additional yaw error is uncorrrelated to existing errors
P(0,0) += yaw_variance*sq(SQ[2]);
P(0,1) += yaw_variance*SQ[1]*SQ[2];
P(1,1) += yaw_variance*sq(SQ[1]);
P(0,2) += yaw_variance*SQ[0]*SQ[2];
P(1,2) += yaw_variance*SQ[0]*SQ[1];
P(2,2) += yaw_variance*sq(SQ[0]);
P(0,3) -= yaw_variance*SQ[2]*SQ[3];
P(1,3) -= yaw_variance*SQ[1]*SQ[3];
P(2,3) -= yaw_variance*SQ[0]*SQ[3];
P(3,3) += yaw_variance*sq(SQ[3]);
P(1,0) += yaw_variance*SQ[1]*SQ[2];
P(2,0) += yaw_variance*SQ[0]*SQ[2];
P(2,1) += yaw_variance*SQ[0]*SQ[1];
P(3,0) -= yaw_variance*SQ[2]*SQ[3];
P(3,1) -= yaw_variance*SQ[1]*SQ[3];
P(3,2) -= yaw_variance*SQ[0]*SQ[3];
}
// save covariance data for re-use when auto-switching between heading and 3-axis fusion
void Ekf::saveMagCovData()
{
// save variances for the D earth axis and XYZ body axis field
for (uint8_t index = 0; index <= 3; index ++) {
_saved_mag_bf_variance[index] = P(index + 18,index + 18);
}
// save the NE axis covariance sub-matrix
for (uint8_t row = 0; row <= 1; row ++) {
for (uint8_t col = 0; col <= 1; col ++) {
_saved_mag_ef_covmat[row][col] = P(row + 16,col + 16);
}
}
}
void Ekf::loadMagCovData()
{
// re-instate variances for the D earth axis and XYZ body axis field
for (uint8_t index = 0; index <= 3; index ++) {
P(index + 18,index + 18) = _saved_mag_bf_variance[index];
}
// re-instate the NE axis covariance sub-matrix
for (uint8_t row = 0; row <= 1; row ++) {
for (uint8_t col = 0; col <= 1; col ++) {
P(row + 16,col + 16) = _saved_mag_ef_covmat[row][col];
}
}
}
float Ekf::kahanSummation(float sum_previous, float input, float &accumulator) const
{
float y = input - accumulator;
float t = sum_previous + y;
accumulator = (t - sum_previous) - y;
return t;
}
void Ekf::stopGpsFusion()
{
stopGpsPosFusion();
stopGpsVelFusion();
stopGpsYawFusion();
}
void Ekf::stopGpsPosFusion()
{
_control_status.flags.gps = false;
_control_status.flags.gps_hgt = false;
_gps_pos_innov.setZero();
_gps_pos_innov_var.setZero();
_gps_pos_test_ratio.setZero();
}
void Ekf::stopGpsVelFusion()
{
_gps_vel_innov.setZero();
_gps_vel_innov_var.setZero();
_gps_vel_test_ratio.setZero();
}
void Ekf::stopGpsYawFusion()
{
_control_status.flags.gps_yaw = false;
}
void Ekf::stopEvFusion()
{
stopEvPosFusion();
stopEvVelFusion();
stopEvYawFusion();
}
void Ekf::stopEvPosFusion()
{
_control_status.flags.ev_pos = false;
_ev_pos_innov.setZero();
_ev_pos_innov_var.setZero();
_ev_pos_test_ratio.setZero();
}
void Ekf::stopEvVelFusion()
{
_control_status.flags.ev_vel = false;
_ev_vel_innov.setZero();
_ev_vel_innov_var.setZero();
_ev_vel_test_ratio.setZero();
}
void Ekf::stopEvYawFusion()
{
_control_status.flags.ev_yaw = false;
}
void Ekf::stopAuxVelFusion()
{
_aux_vel_innov.setZero();
_aux_vel_innov_var.setZero();
_aux_vel_test_ratio.setZero();
}
void Ekf::stopFlowFusion()
{
_control_status.flags.opt_flow = false;
memset(_flow_innov,0.0f,sizeof(_flow_innov));
memset(_flow_innov_var,0.0f,sizeof(_flow_innov_var));
memset(&_optflow_test_ratio,0.0f,sizeof(_optflow_test_ratio));
}