Rebase of changes to sensor_hil_fixedwing branch.

This commit is contained in:
James Goppert
2013-01-13 17:25:45 -05:00
parent 0fdf962356
commit 464c5245f2
16 changed files with 618 additions and 256 deletions
+225 -146
View File
@@ -42,10 +42,12 @@
#include "KalmanNav.hpp"
// constants
// Titterton pg. 52
static const float omega = 7.2921150e-5f; // earth rotation rate, rad/s
static const float R = 6.371000e6f; // earth radius, m
static const float RSq = 4.0589641e13f; // radius squared
static const float g = 9.8f; // gravitational accel. m/s^2
static const float R0 = 6378137.0f; // earth radius, m
static const float RSq = 4.0680631591e+13; // radius squared
static const float g = 9.806f; // gravitational accel. m/s^2, XXX should be calibrated
KalmanNav::KalmanNav(SuperBlock *parent, const char *name) :
SuperBlock(parent, name),
@@ -57,15 +59,15 @@ KalmanNav::KalmanNav(SuperBlock *parent, const char *name) :
// attitude measurement ekf matrices
HAtt(6, 9),
RAtt(6, 6),
// gps measurement ekf matrices
HGps(6, 9),
RGps(6, 6),
// position measurement ekf matrices
HPos(5, 9),
RPos(5, 5),
// attitude representations
C_nb(),
q(),
// subscriptions
_sensors(&getSubscriptions(), ORB_ID(sensor_combined), 5), // limit to 200 Hz
_gps(&getSubscriptions(), ORB_ID(vehicle_gps_position), 1000), // limit to 1 Hz
_sensors(&getSubscriptions(), ORB_ID(sensor_combined), 1), // limit to 1000 Hz
_gps(&getSubscriptions(), ORB_ID(vehicle_gps_position), 100), // limit to 10 Hz
_param_update(&getSubscriptions(), ORB_ID(parameter_update), 1000), // limit to 1 Hz
// publications
_pos(&getPublications(), ORB_ID(vehicle_global_position)),
@@ -78,6 +80,9 @@ KalmanNav::KalmanNav(SuperBlock *parent, const char *name) :
_outTimeStamp(hrt_absolute_time()),
// frame count
_navFrames(0),
// miss counts
_missFast(0),
_missSlow(0),
// state
fN(0), fE(0), fD(0),
phi(0), theta(0), psi(0),
@@ -87,8 +92,8 @@ KalmanNav::KalmanNav(SuperBlock *parent, const char *name) :
_vGyro(this, "V_GYRO"),
_vAccel(this, "V_ACCEL"),
_rMag(this, "R_MAG"),
_rGpsV(this, "R_GPS_V"),
_rGpsGeo(this, "R_GPS_GEO"),
_rGpsVel(this, "R_GPS_VEL"),
_rGpsPos(this, "R_GPS_POS"),
_rGpsAlt(this, "R_GPS_ALT"),
_rAccel(this, "R_ACCEL")
{
@@ -99,12 +104,21 @@ KalmanNav::KalmanNav(SuperBlock *parent, const char *name) :
// wait for gps lock
while (1) {
updateSubscriptions();
struct pollfd fds[1];
fds[0].fd = _gps.getHandle();
fds[0].events = POLLIN;
if (_gps.fix_type > 2) break;
// poll 10 seconds for new data
int ret = poll(fds, 1, 10000);
printf("[kalman_demo] waiting for gps lock\n");
usleep(1000000);
if (ret > 0) {
updateSubscriptions();
if (_gps.fix_type > 2) break;
} else if (ret == 0) {
printf("[kalman_demo] waiting for gps lock\n");
}
}
// initial state
@@ -124,16 +138,12 @@ KalmanNav::KalmanNav(SuperBlock *parent, const char *name) :
// initialize dcm
C_nb = Dcm(q);
// initialize F to identity
F = Matrix::identity(9);
// HGps is constant
HGps(0, 3) = 1.0f;
HGps(1, 4) = 1.0f;
HGps(2, 5) = 1.0f;
HGps(3, 6) = 1.0f;
HGps(4, 7) = 1.0f;
HGps(5, 8) = 1.0f;
// HPos is constant
HPos(0, 3) = 1.0f;
HPos(1, 4) = 1.0f;
HPos(2, 6) = 1.0f;
HPos(3, 7) = 1.0f;
HPos(4, 8) = 1.0f;
// initialize all parameters
updateParams();
@@ -143,11 +153,13 @@ void KalmanNav::update()
{
using namespace math;
struct pollfd fds[2];
struct pollfd fds[3];
fds[0].fd = _sensors.getHandle();
fds[0].events = POLLIN;
fds[1].fd = _param_update.getHandle();
fds[1].events = POLLIN;
fds[2].fd = _gps.getHandle();
fds[2].events = POLLIN;
// poll 20 milliseconds for new data
int ret = poll(fds, 2, 20);
@@ -158,53 +170,55 @@ void KalmanNav::update()
return;
} else if (ret == 0) { // timeout
// run anyway
} else if (ret > 0) {
// update params when requested
if (fds[1].revents & POLLIN) {
printf("updating params\n");
updateParams();
}
// if no new sensor data, return
if (!(fds[0].revents & POLLIN)) return;
return;
}
// get new timestamp
uint64_t newTimeStamp = hrt_absolute_time();
// check updated subscriptions
if (_param_update.updated()) updateParams();
bool gpsUpdate = _gps.updated();
bool sensorsUpdate = _sensors.updated();
// get new information from subscriptions
// this clears update flag
updateSubscriptions();
// count fast frames
_navFrames += 1;
// abort update if no new data
if (!(sensorsUpdate || gpsUpdate)) return;
// fast prediciton step
// note, using sensors timestamp so we can account
// for packet lag
float dtFast = (_sensors.timestamp - _fastTimeStamp) / 1.0e6f;
_fastTimeStamp = _sensors.timestamp;
predictFast(dtFast);
if (dtFast < 1.0f / 50) {
predictFast(dtFast);
// count fast frames
_navFrames += 1;
} else _missFast++;
// slow prediction step
float dtSlow = (_sensors.timestamp - _slowTimeStamp) / 1.0e6f;
if (dtSlow > 1.0f / 200) { // 200 Hz
if (dtSlow > 1.0f / 100) { // 100 Hz
_slowTimeStamp = _sensors.timestamp;
predictSlow(dtSlow);
if (dtSlow < 1.0f / 50) predictSlow(dtSlow);
else _missSlow ++;
}
// gps correction step
if (gpsUpdate) {
correctGps();
correctPos();
}
// attitude correction step
if (_sensors.timestamp - _attTimeStamp > 1e6 / 1) { // 1 Hz
if (_sensors.timestamp - _attTimeStamp > 1e6 / 20) { // 20 Hz
_attTimeStamp = _sensors.timestamp;
correctAtt();
}
@@ -218,8 +232,10 @@ void KalmanNav::update()
// output
if (newTimeStamp - _outTimeStamp > 1e6) { // 1 Hz
_outTimeStamp = newTimeStamp;
printf("nav: %4d Hz\n", _navFrames);
printf("nav: %4d Hz, misses fast: %4d slow: %4d\n", _navFrames, _missFast, _missSlow);
_navFrames = 0;
_missFast = 0;
_missSlow = 0;
}
}
@@ -298,21 +314,28 @@ void KalmanNav::predictFast(float dt)
// trig
float sinL = sinf(lat);
float cosL = cosf(lat);
float cosLSing = cosf(lat);
if (fabsf(cosLSing) < 0.01f) cosLSing = 0.01f;
// position update
// neglects angular deflections in local gravity
// see Titerton pg. 70
float LDot = vN / (R + float(alt));
float lDot = vE / (cosL * (R + float(alt)));
float vNDot = fN - vE * (2 * omega +
lDot) * sinL +
float R = R0 + float(alt);
float LDot = vN / R;
float lDot = vE / (cosLSing * R);
float rotRate = 2 * omega + lDot;
float vNDot = fN - vE * rotRate * sinL +
vD * LDot;
float vDDot = fD - vE * (2 * omega + lDot) * cosL -
float vDDot = fD - vE * rotRate * cosL -
vN * LDot + g;
float vEDot = fE + vN * (2 * omega + lDot) * sinL +
vDDot * (2 * omega * cosL);
float vEDot = fE + vN * rotRate * sinL +
vDDot * rotRate * cosL;
// rectangular integration
//printf("dt: %8.4f\n", double(dt));
//printf("fN: %8.4f, fE: %8.4f, fD: %8.4f\n", double(fN), double(fE), double(fD));
//printf("vN: %8.4f, vE: %8.4f, vD: %8.4f\n", double(vN), double(vE), double(vD));
vN += vNDot * dt;
vE += vEDot * dt;
vD += vDDot * dt;
@@ -331,87 +354,88 @@ void KalmanNav::predictSlow(float dt)
float cosLSq = cosL * cosL;
float tanL = tanf(lat);
// prepare for matrix
float R = R0 + float(alt);
// F Matrix
// Titterton pg. 291
//
// difference from Jacobian
// multiplity by dt for all elements
// add 1.0 to diagonal elements
F(0, 1) = (-(omega * sinL + vE * tanL / R)) * dt;
F(0, 2) = (vN / R) * dt;
F(0, 4) = (1.0f / R) * dt;
F(0, 6) = (-omega * sinL) * dt;
F(0, 8) = (-vE / RSq) * dt;
F(0, 1) = -(omega * sinL + vE * tanL / R);
F(0, 2) = vN / R;
F(0, 4) = 1.0f / R;
F(0, 6) = -omega * sinL;
F(0, 8) = -vE / RSq;
F(1, 0) = (omega * sinL + vE * tanL / R) * dt;
F(1, 2) = (omega * cosL + vE / R) * dt;
F(1, 3) = (-1.0f / R) * dt;
F(1, 8) = (vN / RSq) * dt;
F(1, 0) = omega * sinL + vE * tanL / R;
F(1, 2) = omega * cosL + vE / R;
F(1, 3) = -1.0f / R;
F(1, 8) = vN / RSq;
F(2, 0) = (-vN / R) * dt;
F(2, 1) = (-omega * cosL - vE / R) * dt;
F(2, 4) = (-tanL / R) * dt;
F(2, 6) = (-omega * cosL - vE / (R * cosLSq)) * dt;
F(2, 8) = (vE * tanL / RSq) * dt;
F(2, 0) = -vN / R;
F(2, 1) = -omega * cosL - vE / R;
F(2, 4) = -tanL / R;
F(2, 6) = -omega * cosL - vE / (R * cosLSq);
F(2, 8) = vE * tanL / RSq;
F(3, 1) = (-fD) * dt;
F(3, 2) = (fE) * dt;
F(3, 3) = 1.0f + (vD / R) * dt; // on diagonal
F(3, 4) = (-2 * (omega * sinL + vE * tanL / R)) * dt;
F(3, 5) = (vN / R) * dt;
F(3, 6) = (-vE * (2 * omega * cosL + vE / (R * cosLSq))) * dt;
F(3, 8) = ((vE * vE * tanL - vN * vD) / RSq) * dt;
F(3, 1) = -fD;
F(3, 2) = fE;
F(3, 3) = vD / R;
F(3, 4) = -2 * (omega * sinL + vE * tanL / R);
F(3, 5) = vN / R;
F(3, 6) = -vE * (2 * omega * cosL + vE / (R * cosLSq));
F(3, 8) = (vE * vE * tanL - vN * vD) / RSq;
F(4, 0) = (fD) * dt;
F(4, 2) = (-fN) * dt;
F(4, 3) = (2 * omega * sinL + vE * tanL / R) * dt;
F(4, 4) = 1.0f + ((vN * tanL + vD) / R) * dt; // on diagonal
F(4, 5) = (2 * omega * cosL + vE / R) * dt;
F(4, 6) = (2 * omega * (vN * cosL - vD * sinL) +
vN * vE / (R * cosLSq)) * dt;
F(4, 8) = (-vE * (vN * tanL + vD) / RSq) * dt;
F(4, 0) = fD;
F(4, 2) = -fN;
F(4, 3) = 2 * omega * sinL + vE * tanL / R;
F(4, 4) = (vN * tanL + vD) / R;
F(4, 5) = 2 * omega * cosL + vE / R;
F(4, 6) = 2 * omega * (vN * cosL - vD * sinL) +
vN * vE / (R * cosLSq);
F(4, 8) = -vE * (vN * tanL + vD) / RSq;
F(5, 0) = (-fE) * dt;
F(5, 1) = (fN) * dt;
F(5, 3) = (-2 * vN / R) * dt;
F(5, 4) = (-2 * (omega * cosL + vE / R)) * dt;
F(5, 6) = (2 * omega * vE * sinL) * dt;
F(5, 8) = ((vN * vN + vE * vE) / RSq) * dt;
F(5, 0) = -fE;
F(5, 1) = fN;
F(5, 3) = -2 * vN / R;
F(5, 4) = -2 * (omega * cosL + vE / R);
F(5, 6) = 2 * omega * vE * sinL;
F(5, 8) = (vN * vN + vE * vE) / RSq;
F(6, 3) = (1 / R) * dt;
F(6, 8) = (-vN / RSq) * dt;
F(6, 3) = 1 / R;
F(6, 8) = -vN / RSq;
F(7, 4) = (1 / (R * cosL)) * dt;
F(7, 6) = (vE * tanL / (R * cosL)) * dt;
F(7, 8) = (-vE / (cosL * RSq)) * dt;
F(7, 4) = 1 / (R * cosL);
F(7, 6) = vE * tanL / (R * cosL);
F(7, 8) = -vE / (cosL * RSq);
F(8, 5) = (-1) * dt;
F(8, 5) = -1;
// G Matrix
// Titterton pg. 291
G(0, 0) = -C_nb(0, 0) * dt;
G(0, 1) = -C_nb(0, 1) * dt;
G(0, 2) = -C_nb(0, 2) * dt;
G(1, 0) = -C_nb(1, 0) * dt;
G(1, 1) = -C_nb(1, 1) * dt;
G(1, 2) = -C_nb(1, 2) * dt;
G(2, 0) = -C_nb(2, 0) * dt;
G(2, 1) = -C_nb(2, 1) * dt;
G(2, 2) = -C_nb(2, 2) * dt;
G(0, 0) = -C_nb(0, 0);
G(0, 1) = -C_nb(0, 1);
G(0, 2) = -C_nb(0, 2);
G(1, 0) = -C_nb(1, 0);
G(1, 1) = -C_nb(1, 1);
G(1, 2) = -C_nb(1, 2);
G(2, 0) = -C_nb(2, 0);
G(2, 1) = -C_nb(2, 1);
G(2, 2) = -C_nb(2, 2);
G(3, 3) = C_nb(0, 0) * dt;
G(3, 4) = C_nb(0, 1) * dt;
G(3, 5) = C_nb(0, 2) * dt;
G(4, 3) = C_nb(1, 0) * dt;
G(4, 4) = C_nb(1, 1) * dt;
G(4, 5) = C_nb(1, 2) * dt;
G(5, 3) = C_nb(2, 0) * dt;
G(5, 4) = C_nb(2, 1) * dt;
G(5, 5) = C_nb(2, 2) * dt;
G(3, 3) = C_nb(0, 0);
G(3, 4) = C_nb(0, 1);
G(3, 5) = C_nb(0, 2);
G(4, 3) = C_nb(1, 0);
G(4, 4) = C_nb(1, 1);
G(4, 5) = C_nb(1, 2);
G(5, 3) = C_nb(2, 0);
G(5, 4) = C_nb(2, 1);
G(5, 5) = C_nb(2, 2);
// predict equations for kalman filter
P = F * P * F.transpose() + G * V * G.transpose();
// continuous predictioon equations
// for discrte time EKF
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Kalman_filter
P = P + (F * P + P * F.transpose() + G * V * G.transpose()) * dt;
}
void KalmanNav::correctAtt()
@@ -428,12 +452,11 @@ void KalmanNav::correctAtt()
// mag measurement
Vector3 zMag(_sensors.magnetometer_ga);
zMag = zMag.unit();
// mag predicted measurement
// choosing some typical magnetic field properties,
// TODO dip/dec depend on lat/ lon/ time
static const float dip = 60.0f / M_RAD_TO_DEG_F; // dip, inclination with level
static const float dip = 0.0f / M_RAD_TO_DEG_F; // dip, inclination with level
static const float dec = 0.0f / M_RAD_TO_DEG_F; // declination, clockwise rotation from north
float bN = cosf(dip) * cosf(dec);
float bE = cosf(dip) * sinf(dec);
@@ -443,10 +466,29 @@ void KalmanNav::correctAtt()
// accel measurement
Vector3 zAccel(_sensors.accelerometer_m_s2);
float accelMag = zAccel.norm();
zAccel = zAccel.unit();
// ignore accel correction when accel mag not close to g
Matrix RAttAdjust = RAtt;
bool ignoreAccel = fabsf(accelMag - g) > 1.1f;
if (ignoreAccel) {
RAttAdjust(3, 3) = 1.0e10;
RAttAdjust(4, 4) = 1.0e10;
RAttAdjust(5, 5) = 1.0e10;
} else {
//printf("correcting attitude with accel\n");
}
// account for banked turn
// this would only work for fixed wing, so try to avoid
//Vector3 zCentrip = Vector3(0, cosf(phi), -sinf(phi))*g*tanf(phi);
// accel predicted measurement
Vector3 zAccelHat = (C_nb.transpose() * Vector3(0, 0, -1)).unit();
Vector3 zAccelHat = (C_nb.transpose() * Vector3(0, 0, -g) /*+ zCentrip*/).unit();
// combined measurement
Vector zAtt(6);
@@ -498,8 +540,9 @@ void KalmanNav::correctAtt()
HAtt(5, 1) = cosPhi * sinTheta;
// compute correction
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Kalman_filter
Vector y = zAtt - zAttHat; // residual
Matrix S = HAtt * P * HAtt.transpose() + RAtt; // residual covariance
Matrix S = HAtt * P * HAtt.transpose() + RAttAdjust; // residual covariance
Matrix K = P * HAtt.transpose() * S.inverse();
Vector xCorrect = K * y;
@@ -510,24 +553,34 @@ void KalmanNav::correctAtt()
if (isnan(val) || isinf(val)) {
// abort correction and return
printf("[kalman_demo] numerical failure in att correction\n");
// reset P matrix to identity
P = Matrix::identity(9) * 1.0f;
return;
}
}
// correct state
phi += xCorrect(PHI);
theta += xCorrect(THETA);
if (!ignoreAccel) {
phi += xCorrect(PHI);
theta += xCorrect(THETA);
}
psi += xCorrect(PSI);
// attitude also affects nav velocities
vN += xCorrect(VN);
vE += xCorrect(VE);
vD += xCorrect(VD);
// update state covariance
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Kalman_filter
P = P - K * HAtt * P;
// fault detection
float beta = y.dot(S.inverse() * y);
printf("attitude: beta = %8.4f\n", (double)beta);
if (beta > 10.0f) {
//printf("fault in attitude: beta = %8.4f\n", (double)beta);
printf("fault in attitude: beta = %8.4f\n", (double)beta);
//printf("y:\n"); y.print();
}
@@ -536,20 +589,32 @@ void KalmanNav::correctAtt()
q = Quaternion(EulerAngles(phi, theta, psi));
}
void KalmanNav::correctGps()
void KalmanNav::correctPos()
{
using namespace math;
Vector y(6);
y(0) = _gps.vel_n - vN;
y(1) = _gps.vel_e - vE;
y(2) = _gps.vel_d - vD;
y(3) = double(_gps.lat) / 1.0e7 / M_RAD_TO_DEG - lat;
y(4) = double(_gps.lon) / 1.0e7 / M_RAD_TO_DEG - lon;
y(5) = double(_gps.alt) / 1.0e3 - alt;
y(2) = double(_gps.lat) / 1.0e7 / M_RAD_TO_DEG - lat;
y(3) = double(_gps.lon) / 1.0e7 / M_RAD_TO_DEG - lon;
y(4) = double(_gps.alt) / 1.0e3 - alt;
// update gps noise
float cosLSing = cosf(lat);
float R = R0 + float(alt);
// prevent singularity
if (fabsf(cosLSing) < 0.01f) cosLSing = 0.01f;
float noiseLat = _rGpsPos.get() / R;
float noiseLon = _rGpsPos.get() / (R * cosLSing);
RPos(2, 2) = noiseLat * noiseLat;
RPos(3, 3) = noiseLon * noiseLon;
// compute correction
Matrix S = HGps * P * HGps.transpose() + RGps; // residual covariance
Matrix K = P * HGps.transpose() * S.inverse();
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Kalman_filter
Matrix S = HPos * P * HPos.transpose() + RPos; // residual covariance
Matrix K = P * HPos.transpose() * S.inverse();
Vector xCorrect = K * y;
// check correction is sane
@@ -566,6 +631,8 @@ void KalmanNav::correctGps()
setLatDegE7(_gps.lat);
setLonDegE7(_gps.lon);
setAltE3(_gps.alt);
// reset P matrix to identity
P = Matrix::identity(9) * 1.0f;
return;
}
}
@@ -579,14 +646,14 @@ void KalmanNav::correctGps()
alt += double(xCorrect(ALT));
// update state covariance
P = P - K * HGps * P;
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Kalman_filter
P = P - K * HPos * P;
// fault detetcion
float beta = y.dot(S.inverse() * y);
printf("gps: beta = %8.4f\n", (double)beta);
if (beta > 100.0f) {
//printf("fault in gps: beta = %8.4f\n", (double)beta);
if (beta > 10.0f) {
printf("fault in gps: beta = %8.4f\n", (double)beta);
//printf("y:\n"); y.print();
}
}
@@ -597,6 +664,7 @@ void KalmanNav::updateParams()
using namespace control;
SuperBlock::updateParams();
// gyro noise
V(0, 0) = _vGyro.get(); // gyro x, rad/s
V(1, 1) = _vGyro.get(); // gyro y
@@ -608,20 +676,31 @@ void KalmanNav::updateParams()
V(5, 5) = _vAccel.get(); // accel z
// magnetometer noise
RAtt(0, 0) = _rMag.get(); // normalized direction
RAtt(1, 1) = _rMag.get();
RAtt(2, 2) = _rMag.get();
float noiseMagSq = _rMag.get() * _rMag.get();
RAtt(0, 0) = noiseMagSq; // normalized direction
RAtt(1, 1) = noiseMagSq;
RAtt(2, 2) = noiseMagSq;
// accelerometer noise
RAtt(3, 3) = _rAccel.get(); // normalized direction
RAtt(4, 4) = _rAccel.get();
RAtt(5, 5) = _rAccel.get();
float noiseAccelSq = _rAccel.get() * _rAccel.get();
RAtt(3, 3) = noiseAccelSq; // normalized direction
RAtt(4, 4) = noiseAccelSq;
RAtt(5, 5) = noiseAccelSq;
// gps noise
RGps(0, 0) = _rGpsV.get(); // vn, m/s
RGps(1, 1) = _rGpsV.get(); // ve
RGps(2, 2) = _rGpsV.get(); // vd
RGps(3, 3) = _rGpsGeo.get(); // L, rad
RGps(4, 4) = _rGpsGeo.get(); // l, rad
RGps(5, 5) = _rGpsAlt.get(); // h, m
float cosLSing = cosf(lat);
float R = R0 + float(alt);
// prevent singularity
if (fabsf(cosLSing) < 0.01f) cosLSing = 0.01f;
float noiseVel = _rGpsVel.get();
float noiseLat = _rGpsPos.get() / R;
float noiseLon = _rGpsPos.get() / (R * cosLSing);
float noiseAlt = _rGpsAlt.get();
RPos(0, 0) = noiseVel * noiseVel; // vn
RPos(1, 1) = noiseVel * noiseVel; // ve
RPos(2, 2) = noiseLat * noiseLat; // lat
RPos(3, 3) = noiseLon * noiseLon; // lon
RPos(4, 4) = noiseAlt * noiseAlt; // h
}